Age of Exploration

Definition

The Age of Exploration, spanning from the late 15th century to the early 17th century, was a period marked by European global exploration and the expansion of trade networks. This era was crucial for marine biology as it led to increased maritime activity, the discovery of new marine species, and the establishment of colonies that significantly impacted oceanic ecosystems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Age of Exploration was driven by the desire for new trade routes, wealth, and the spread of Christianity.
2. European explorers such as Columbus, Magellan, and Vasco da Gama made significant contributions to mapping uncharted waters and discovering new lands.
3. This era led to an increased interest in marine life as explorers documented new species and ecosystems encountered during their voyages.
4. The establishment of trade routes significantly altered marine ecosystems through overfishing and the introduction of invasive species.
5. Exploration laid the groundwork for future scientific studies in marine biology by encouraging the collection and study of marine specimens.

Review Questions

• How did advancements in cartography influence maritime exploration during the Age of Exploration?
  • Advancements in cartography provided explorers with accurate maps and navigational tools, which were crucial for safely navigating uncharted waters. Improved map-making techniques allowed sailors to plot more precise courses, reducing the risk of shipwrecks and enabling longer voyages. As a result, cartography not only facilitated exploration but also contributed to the understanding of marine environments by documenting coastlines and oceanic features.
• Discuss the ecological impacts of the Columbian Exchange as a result of the Age of Exploration.
  • The Columbian Exchange significantly transformed ecosystems on both sides of the Atlantic. The introduction of non-native species altered local food webs and sometimes led to the decline or extinction of indigenous species. Additionally, the exchange promoted agricultural practices that changed land use patterns, impacting marine environments due to increased runoff and pollution from farming activities. These changes illustrate how exploration had lasting effects on ecological dynamics.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of marine discoveries made during the Age of Exploration for contemporary marine biology.
  • The marine discoveries during the Age of Exploration laid a foundation for contemporary marine biology by initiating systematic documentation and classification of marine organisms. This period established a tradition of scientific inquiry into oceanic ecosystems that continues today. As new species were recorded and habitats described, it created an early framework for understanding biodiversity and conservation efforts, ultimately shaping modern approaches to marine research and environmental protection.

Related terms

Cartography: The art and science of map-making, which played a vital role in navigation and exploration during the Age of Exploration.

Columbian Exchange: The widespread exchange of plants, animals, culture, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World following Christopher Columbus's voyages.

Navigation: The process of determining one's position and planning a route at sea, which was essential for explorers during their voyages.