A2B5 toxin

Definition

A2B5 toxin is a type of bacterial exotoxin composed of two active (A) subunits and five binding (B) subunits. It is primarily involved in the disruption of gastrointestinal functions, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. A2B5 toxins are produced by certain pathogenic bacteria like Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli.
2. The A subunit typically has enzymatic activity that disrupts cellular processes, while the B subunit binds to specific receptors on host cells.
3. These toxins often lead to severe dehydration due to excessive fluid loss from the intestines.
4. Treatment for infections involving A2B5 toxins generally includes rehydration therapy and sometimes antibiotics.
5. Preventive measures include proper sanitation, food safety practices, and vaccination where available.

Review Questions

• What are the roles of the A and B subunits in the A2B5 toxin?
• Name two bacteria that produce A2B5 toxins.
• What are common symptoms associated with A2B5 toxin exposure?

Related terms

Enterotoxin: A toxin produced in or affecting the intestines, such as those causing food poisoning or cholera.

Exotoxin: Toxins secreted by bacteria into their surroundings, which can cause damage to host tissues.

Cholera Toxin: An example of an A2B5 toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae that causes severe diarrhea.