study guides for every class

that actually explain what's on your next test

Acetylation

from class:

Microbiology

Definition

Acetylation is the process by which an acetyl group is transferred to a molecule, often affecting gene expression and protein function. In microbial genetics, it commonly involves the modification of histones, impacting DNA accessibility and transcription regulation.

congrats on reading the definition of acetylation. now let's actually learn it.

ok, let's learn stuff

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Acetylation of histones typically results in chromatin relaxation and increased gene expression.
  2. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are enzymes that catalyze the addition of acetyl groups to histones.
  3. Deacetylation, the removal of acetyl groups, is carried out by histone deacetylases (HDACs) and generally leads to chromatin condensation and gene repression.
  4. Acetylation can influence the binding affinity of regulatory proteins to DNA.
  5. In bacteria, acetylation can also modify non-histone proteins affecting various cellular processes including metabolism.

Review Questions

  • What effect does histone acetylation generally have on gene expression?
  • Which enzymes are responsible for adding acetyl groups to histones?
  • How does deacetylation affect chromatin structure and gene expression?
© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.
Glossary
Guides