Antibodies are specialized proteins produced by B cells that recognize and neutralize specific antigens. They play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response by identifying and binding to foreign pathogens.
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Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins (Ig).
There are five main classes of antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
Each antibody has a unique antigen-binding site that is highly specific to a particular antigen.
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells, whereas polyclonal antibodies are a mixture produced by different clones of B cells.
The primary function of antibodies is to neutralize pathogens, opsonize for phagocytosis, or activate the complement system.
Review Questions
What are the main functions of antibodies in the immune response?
How do monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies differ?
Name the five classes of antibodies and their roles.
Related terms
Antigen: A molecule capable of inducing an immune response by being recognized by an antibody.
B Cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies as part of the adaptive immune response.
Complement System: A group of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism.