ATP synthase

Definition

ATP synthase is an enzyme that synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate during cellular respiration. It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ATP synthase plays a crucial role in the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP production.
2. The enzyme utilizes the proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain to drive ATP synthesis.
3. It has two main components: F0, which forms a channel for protons, and F1, which synthesizes ATP.
4. Inhibition of ATP synthase can severely impact cellular energy production and overall metabolism.
5. The rotation of its subunits induced by proton flow is essential for its catalytic activity.

Review Questions

• What role does ATP synthase play in cellular respiration?
• How does the proton gradient influence ATP synthase function?
• What are the main components of ATP synthase and their respective functions?

Related terms

Electron Transport Chain: A series of protein complexes that transfer electrons and pump protons to create a gradient.

Chemiosmosis: The process by which a proton gradient drives the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase.

Proton Motive Force: The force created by the transmembrane proton gradient that drives protons through ATP synthase.