β2 microglobulin

Definition

β2 microglobulin is a component of MHC class I molecules, which are crucial for the presentation of endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells. It plays a key role in immune surveillance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. β2 microglobulin associates non-covalently with the alpha chain of MHC class I molecules.
2. It is essential for MHC class I stability and surface expression on all nucleated cells.
3. Deficiency or mutations in β2 microglobulin can impair immune response and lead to diseases such as immunodeficiency.
4. Elevated levels of β2 microglobulin can be indicative of certain cancers, chronic infections, and inflammatory diseases.
5. It is involved in the presentation of intracellular peptides to CD8+ T cells.

Review Questions

• What role does β2 microglobulin play in the function of MHC class I molecules?
• How does β2 microglobulin deficiency affect the immune system?
• Why might elevated levels of β2 microglobulin be clinically significant?

Related terms

MHC Class I: A group of proteins found on all nucleated cells that present endogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells.

Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8+): Immune cells that kill infected or cancerous cells by recognizing antigens presented by MHC class I molecules.

Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs): Cells that display foreign antigens complexed with major histocompatibility complexes for recognition by T cells.