Bacillus subtilis

Definition

Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. It is known for its ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing it to tolerate extreme environmental conditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bacillus subtilis is widely used as a model organism for studying bacterial chromosome replication and cell differentiation.
2. It produces several antibiotics such as bacitracin which are effective against other Gram-positive bacteria.
3. The bacterium is capable of forming biofilms, which provide increased resistance to antimicrobial agents.
4. Bacillus subtilis can sporulate, a process where it forms endospores that can survive heat, desiccation, and chemical disinfectants.
5. It has been genetically engineered for various industrial applications including enzyme production and biopesticides.

Review Questions

• What are the primary environmental conditions that Bacillus subtilis can withstand due to its endospore formation?
• Name at least one antibiotic produced by Bacillus subtilis and explain its target organisms.
• How does Bacillus subtilis contribute to the study of bacterial chromosome replication?

Related terms

Endospore: A resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria cells.

Biofilm: A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix.

Antibiotic: A substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.