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Epigenetics

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Microbiology

Definition

Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications can affect how cells read genes and are influenced by environmental factors.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Epigenetic changes can be caused by mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA molecules.
  2. These changes can be reversible and sometimes passed down through generations without altering the DNA sequence itself.
  3. Epigenetics plays a crucial role in cellular differentiation, allowing cells with the same DNA to develop into different types.
  4. Environmental factors like diet, stress, and exposure to toxins can influence epigenetic modifications.
  5. Epigenetic dysregulation is linked to various diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.

Review Questions

  • What are the main mechanisms that cause epigenetic changes?
  • How do epigenetic modifications differ from genetic mutations?
  • Why are epigenetic changes important for cellular differentiation?
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