study guides for every class

that actually explain what's on your next test

Genetics

from class:

Microbiology

Definition

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. It focuses on how traits are passed from parents to offspring through DNA.

congrats on reading the definition of genetics. now let's actually learn it.

ok, let's learn stuff

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins or functional RNA.
  2. The structure of DNA is a double helix formed by base pairs attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone.
  3. Mutations in DNA can lead to changes in protein function and result in various genetic disorders.
  4. Horizontal gene transfer is a method by which bacteria can acquire genetic material from other organisms.
  5. The genome of an organism encompasses all its genetic material, including genes and non-coding sequences.

Review Questions

  • What role do genes play in the synthesis of proteins?
  • How does horizontal gene transfer contribute to genetic diversity in bacteria?
  • What is the significance of mutations within the genome?
© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.
Glossary
Guides