Neurotransmitters

Definition

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses from one neuron to another. They play a crucial role in the functioning of the nervous system, including processes like mood regulation, cognition, and muscle movement.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft.
2. Common neurotransmitters include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and glutamate.
3. Neurotransmitter imbalances can lead to neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression.
4. Certain infections can alter neurotransmitter function, leading to symptoms like headaches or mental confusion.
5. The blood-brain barrier regulates the passage of substances, including neurotransmitters and their precursors.

Review Questions

• What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?
• Name three common neurotransmitters and their associated functions.
• How can infections impact neurotransmitter function?

Related terms

Synapse: The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released.

Blood-Brain Barrier: A selective barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances while allowing essential molecules to pass.

Dopamine: A type of neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, motivation, and motor control.