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Microbiology
σ factor is a protein needed for the initiation of transcription in bacteria. It enables RNA polymerase to bind to specific promoter regions on DNA.
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RNA Polymerase: An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.
Promoter: A DNA sequence that initiates gene transcription by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase and associated proteins like the σ factor.
Operon: A cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter, transcribed into a single mRNA molecule.