13th chord

Definition

A 13th chord is a complex chord that includes the root, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and thirteenth degrees of a scale. This chord extends beyond the typical triads and seventh chords, creating a rich harmonic texture often used in jazz and contemporary music. Understanding how to build and recognize 13th chords is essential for interpreting chord symbols and analyzing harmonic progressions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. A 13th chord can be notated in various ways, typically as 'C13' or 'Cmaj13', depending on whether the seventh is major or minor.
2. The 13th degree is often derived from the sixth degree of the scale, which gives this chord its unique sound.
3. In jazz, 13th chords are frequently used in dominant function, providing tension that resolves to a tonic chord.
4. The presence of extensions like the 9th and 11th can alter the sound of a 13th chord significantly, leading to variations such as 7♭9 or 7♯11.
5. When voicing a 13th chord on the piano or guitar, it’s common to omit certain tones (like the fifth) to make it easier to play while still retaining the chord’s essence.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of a 13th chord differ from that of a seventh chord?
  • A 13th chord includes all the tones of a seventh chord (root, third, fifth, and seventh) plus additional notes: the ninth and thirteenth. This makes it more complex than a standard seventh chord, which only adds the seventh degree. The added degrees enhance the harmonic richness and create more opportunities for tension and resolution in musical progressions.
• Discuss the role of 13th chords in jazz harmony and how they contribute to musical tension.
  • In jazz harmony, 13th chords serve a crucial role in creating tension that typically resolves to tonic chords. They are often used as dominant chords that lead to resolution due to their rich sound. The inclusion of additional tones like the ninth and thirteenth not only adds complexity but also enhances the emotional depth of a piece. Musicians often utilize these chords to craft engaging progressions that keep listeners intrigued.
• Evaluate the impact of chord symbols in understanding 13th chords and how this knowledge applies in composition.
  • Chord symbols are vital for understanding 13th chords as they provide concise information about the root note and its extensions. Knowing how to read these symbols allows composers and musicians to effectively communicate harmonic ideas. The ability to interpret symbols accurately enables creators to incorporate complex chords into their compositions seamlessly, enhancing both harmonic progression and emotional expression within their music.

Related terms

Seventh Chord: A chord that consists of a root, third, fifth, and seventh, forming the basis for more complex chords like the 13th.

Extended Chords: Chords that go beyond the standard triad and seventh chord structure, including additional notes such as ninths, elevenths, and thirteenths.

Chord Symbol: A notational system used to represent chords in music, indicating the root and quality of the chord along with any extensions or alterations.