Formal charge

Definition

Formal charge is a mathematical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, representing the difference between the number of valence electrons in an isolated atom and the number assigned to it in the molecule. It helps determine molecular structure by indicating electron distribution.

Related terms

Valence Electrons: The outermost electrons of an atom that are involved in forming chemical bonds.

Lewis Structure: A diagram that shows the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist.

Electron Configuration: The distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals