Arch

Definition

An arch is a curved structure that spans an opening and supports weight from above, commonly made from stone, brick, or concrete. This architectural feature allows for the construction of larger and more stable structures by distributing weight evenly, which contributes to the creation of impressive buildings and bridges throughout history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The arch dates back to ancient civilizations, with notable examples found in Mesopotamian and Roman architecture.
2. Roman architects perfected the use of the arch, allowing them to build monumental structures such as aqueducts, amphitheaters, and triumphal arches.
3. The keystone, the central stone at the top of an arch, is crucial as it locks the other stones in place and helps distribute weight evenly.
4. Arches can be constructed in various shapes, including semicircular, pointed, and flat arches, each serving different structural purposes.
5. The use of arches in architecture not only provides strength and stability but also allows for larger openings and more light in buildings, influencing design aesthetics.

Review Questions

• How did the introduction of the arch influence the construction methods and architectural designs in ancient civilizations?
  • The introduction of the arch revolutionized construction methods in ancient civilizations by allowing builders to create larger and more stable structures. It enabled architects to span greater distances without the need for solid walls, which led to innovative designs in public buildings like aqueducts and theaters. The ability to distribute weight effectively through the arch also facilitated taller structures and open interiors, setting a precedent for future architectural advancements.
• Discuss how the use of different types of arches can impact the structural integrity and aesthetics of a building.
  • Different types of arches, such as semicircular, pointed, or flat arches, play significant roles in both structural integrity and aesthetics. Semicircular arches are strong and effective for supporting heavy loads, while pointed arches are often associated with Gothic architecture, providing both height and lightness. The choice of arch shape not only influences how a building stands up to forces but also contributes to its visual appeal, creating distinct styles across various architectural periods.
• Evaluate the role of the arch in transforming urban landscapes throughout history and its relevance in contemporary architecture.
  • The arch has been instrumental in transforming urban landscapes from ancient times to modernity by enabling the construction of significant infrastructure like bridges and cathedrals that define city skylines. Its ability to allow for expansive spaces paved the way for complex urban designs that enhance functionality while promoting aesthetic values. In contemporary architecture, arches continue to be relevant; they influence designs that prioritize sustainability and innovative materials while maintaining historical references that connect modern structures with their ancient predecessors.

Related terms

Vault: A vault is an architectural form that consists of a series of arches placed back-to-back to create a roof or ceiling over a space, allowing for larger interior spaces.

Dome: A dome is an architectural element that resembles the upper half of a sphere and is formed by rotating an arch around its vertical axis, creating a structure that can cover large areas.

Buttress: A buttress is a support structure built against a wall to reinforce it, often used in conjunction with arches to counteract lateral forces and stabilize buildings.