Basal cell carcinoma

Definition

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that arises from the basal cells, which are located in the lower part of the epidermis. It is the most common form of skin cancer and typically develops in areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, and hands. BCC usually grows slowly and is rarely life-threatening but can cause significant local tissue damage if left untreated.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Basal cell carcinoma accounts for about 80% of all non-melanoma skin cancers, making it the most common skin cancer worldwide.
2. The primary risk factor for developing BCC is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds.
3. BCC typically presents as a pearly or waxy bump on the skin, but it can also appear as a flat, brown or flesh-colored lesion.
4. While BCC rarely metastasizes to other parts of the body, it can invade surrounding tissues and lead to disfigurement if not treated promptly.
5. Treatment options for basal cell carcinoma include surgical excision, Mohs surgery, topical chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Review Questions

• How does basal cell carcinoma differ from other types of skin cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma?
  • Basal cell carcinoma primarily originates from basal cells in the lower epidermis and is known for its slow growth and low risk of metastasis. In contrast, squamous cell carcinoma arises from squamous cells and can be more aggressive, while melanoma originates from melanocytes and poses a higher risk of spreading to other organs. Understanding these differences is crucial for diagnosing and determining appropriate treatment strategies for skin cancers.
• Discuss the significance of UV radiation exposure in the development of basal cell carcinoma and how preventative measures can be implemented.
  • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary environmental risk factor associated with basal cell carcinoma. Prolonged sun exposure can damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that cause cancerous growths. Preventative measures include wearing sunscreen with high SPF, seeking shade during peak sun hours, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds. These strategies can significantly reduce the risk of developing BCC.
• Evaluate the treatment options available for basal cell carcinoma and their implications for patient care and outcomes.
  • Treatment for basal cell carcinoma includes options like surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery for precise removal, topical chemotherapy for superficial lesions, and radiation therapy for patients who cannot undergo surgery. Each treatment option has its benefits and potential complications that need to be considered when planning patient care. Successful management of BCC often leads to excellent outcomes with minimal recurrence; however, early detection and intervention are key to preventing more invasive treatment approaches.

Related terms

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A type of skin cancer that originates from squamous cells, which are flat cells found in the outer layer of the skin.

Melanoma: A more aggressive form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin.

Actinic Keratosis: A rough, scaly patch on sun-exposed skin that can be a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma.