Alkylating agents

Definition

Alkylating agents are a class of chemotherapeutic drugs that work by adding an alkyl group to the DNA, causing DNA damage and preventing cancer cells from proliferating. They are commonly used in the treatment of various types of cancer.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alkylating agents are most effective during the DNA replication phase of the cell cycle.
2. These drugs can cause significant side effects such as bone marrow suppression, nausea, and secondary malignancies.
3. Common examples of alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, and melphalan.
4. They can be administered orally or intravenously depending on the specific drug and treatment regimen.
5. Resistance to alkylating agents can develop through increased DNA repair mechanisms or decreased drug uptake by cancer cells.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism by which alkylating agents inhibit cancer cell proliferation?
• Name three common side effects associated with alkylating agents.
• List two examples of alkylating agents used in chemotherapy.

Related terms

Chemotherapy: A type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs as part of a standardized regimen.

DNA Alkylation: The process by which an alkyl group is transferred to DNA, leading to DNA damage.

Bone Marrow Suppression: A decrease in the production of blood cells, a common side effect of many chemotherapy drugs including alkylating agents.