Aminoglycosides

Definition

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that are primarily effective against aerobic gram-negative bacteria and work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. They are used to treat serious infections like sepsis, respiratory infections, and complicated urinary tract infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Aminoglycosides bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit, disrupting protein synthesis in bacteria.
2. Common aminoglycosides include gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.
3. These antibiotics are often administered intravenously due to poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
4. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are significant adverse effects associated with aminoglycosides use.
5. They are often used in combination with other antibiotics to enhance efficacy and reduce resistance.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for aminoglycosides?
• Name two major adverse effects associated with aminoglycoside therapy.
• Why are aminoglycosides often given intravenously rather than orally?

Related terms

Gentamicin: An aminoglycoside antibiotic commonly used to treat severe bacterial infections.

Nephrotoxicity: Kidney damage or impairment caused by toxins or medications, a known risk of aminoglycoside use.

30S Ribosomal Subunit: The part of the bacterial ribosome where aminoglycosides bind to inhibit protein synthesis.