Anions

Definition

Anions are negatively charged ions that play a crucial role in maintaining the electrochemical gradients across cell membranes. They are essential for various physiological processes, including nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Anions are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.
2. Common anions in the human body include chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and phosphate (PO4^3-).
3. Anions help maintain the acid-base balance in the body, which is vital for homeostasis.
4. The concentration of anions is regulated by the kidneys to ensure proper fluid and electrolyte balance.
5. Disruption in anion levels can lead to conditions such as acidosis or alkalosis.

Review Questions

• What is the primary role of anions in maintaining homeostasis?
• Name three common anions found in the human body.
• How do kidneys regulate anion concentrations to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance?

Related terms

Cations: Positively charged ions that work alongside anions to maintain electrochemical gradients.

Electrolytes: Substances that dissociate into ions in solution and are essential for various bodily functions, including fluid balance.

Acid-Base Balance: The mechanism by which the body maintains proper pH levels through the regulation of hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-).