Barnett Newman

Definition

Barnett Newman was an influential American artist known for his role in the Abstract Expressionism movement and his contributions to color field painting. His works often feature large, expansive fields of color and bold, vertical lines, which he referred to as 'zips'. Newman's art seeks to convey a sense of spirituality and emotional depth, aiming to engage viewers in a direct and visceral experience.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Newman was born in 1905 in New York City and became a key figure in the development of modern art during the mid-20th century.
2. His most famous work, 'Who’s Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue', sparked controversy due to its bold use of color and has been subject to debates about the nature of art.
3. Newman's works often reflect his interest in existential philosophy and spirituality, striving to evoke profound emotional responses from viewers.
4. He was a pioneer in using color as a primary vehicle for artistic expression, moving away from traditional representational forms.
5. Newman played a significant role in shaping the dialogue around modern art through his essays and critiques, advocating for the importance of individual experience in the appreciation of art.

Review Questions

• How does Barnett Newman's approach to color and form differentiate him within the Abstract Expressionism movement?
  • Barnett Newman's approach is characterized by his use of large expanses of color and distinctive vertical lines known as 'zips'. Unlike other Abstract Expressionists who often focused on dynamic brushwork and gestural marks, Newman emphasized flatness and simplicity to create an emotional resonance. His work aims to evoke a spiritual experience through color alone, allowing viewers to engage with the artwork on a deeper level.
• Discuss the significance of Newman's work 'Who’s Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue' in relation to contemporary debates about art.
  • 'Who’s Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue' has become a focal point for discussions about artistic value and viewer interpretation. The painting's bold colors challenge traditional aesthetics, leading some to question its merit while others embrace its power. This work exemplifies Newman's belief that art should provoke strong reactions and reflects ongoing tensions between traditional notions of beauty and contemporary artistic exploration.
• Evaluate how Barnett Newman’s writings contributed to the understanding of Abstract Expressionism and its impact on modern art.
  • Barnett Newman’s writings provided critical insights into the philosophy underpinning Abstract Expressionism. He articulated the importance of personal experience and emotional engagement in art, framing it as a vital component for both artists and viewers. Through his essays, Newman influenced subsequent generations of artists by encouraging them to prioritize individual expression over conventional techniques, thus shaping the trajectory of modern art beyond his own time.

Related terms

Abstract Expressionism: An art movement characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation, emphasizing individual expression and the exploration of emotions through abstract forms.

Color Field Painting: A style within Abstract Expressionism that focuses on large areas of a single color or simple color combinations, emphasizing the flatness of the canvas and the viewer's emotional response.

Zip: A term coined by Newman to describe the vertical lines in his paintings that divide large fields of color, creating a sense of structure and rhythm in his work.