ADHD

Definition

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. Individuals with ADHD may struggle with focus and organization, impacting their academic performance and social interactions. The condition is often diagnosed in childhood but can persist into adulthood, making it relevant in understanding the needs of individuals across the lifespan.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ADHD affects approximately 5-10% of children worldwide, with many continuing to experience symptoms into adulthood.
2. The disorder is categorized into three subtypes: predominantly inattentive presentation, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation, and combined presentation.
3. ADHD can co-occur with other disorders such as anxiety, depression, and learning disabilities, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
4. Environmental factors, genetics, and brain structure differences may all play a role in the development of ADHD.
5. Treatment options include behavioral therapy, medication, and educational support tailored to the individual's needs.

Review Questions

• How does ADHD manifest differently in children compared to adults?
  • In children, ADHD often presents as noticeable hyperactivity and impulsivity, leading to challenges in classroom settings. Adults may display more subtle symptoms like difficulties in maintaining focus and organizing tasks. While both groups can struggle with time management and task completion, the outward expressions of ADHD can evolve over time. This shift emphasizes the need for ongoing assessment and support throughout different life stages.
• Discuss the relationship between ADHD and executive functioning skills.
  • Individuals with ADHD often experience impairments in executive functioning skills, which include planning, organizing tasks, managing time, and self-regulating behavior. These deficits can lead to difficulties in academic settings where organization and sustained attention are crucial for success. Understanding this connection helps educators develop strategies to support students with ADHD by targeting these specific executive functioning challenges.
• Evaluate the impact of environmental factors on the severity of ADHD symptoms.
  • Environmental factors such as exposure to toxins during pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and family dynamics can influence the severity of ADHD symptoms. For instance, children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may experience higher stress levels that exacerbate their symptoms. Additionally, supportive environments with consistent routines can help mitigate some challenges associated with ADHD. Recognizing these factors is essential for creating effective interventions tailored to individual needs.

Related terms

Inattention: A core symptom of ADHD, inattention refers to difficulty sustaining focus, following through on tasks, and organizing activities.

Hyperactivity: Hyperactivity is characterized by excessive movement and restlessness, a common trait seen in individuals with ADHD.

Executive Functioning: This term describes cognitive processes that help with planning, organization, and task completion, often impaired in individuals with ADHD.