Friedrich Engels

Definition

Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, and political theorist who is best known for his collaboration with Karl Marx in developing the theory of socialism and communism. Engels played a crucial role in shaping modern political thought, particularly through his works that critiqued capitalism and advocated for the working class. His influence is evident in various political movements and revolutions, as well as in the foundational ideas of Marxist economics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Engels was born on November 28, 1820, in Barmen, Prussia (now part of Germany) and later became a successful businessman before turning to social activism.
2. He co-authored 'The Communist Manifesto' with Marx in 1848, which became a foundational text for communist movements worldwide.
3. Engels wrote 'The Condition of the Working Class in England' in 1844, where he analyzed the harsh realities faced by workers during the Industrial Revolution.
4. He provided financial support to Marx throughout his life, allowing him to focus on writing and political activism without economic worry.
5. Engels continued to develop Marxist theory after Marx's death in 1883, publishing works like 'Anti-Dühring' that elaborated on socialism and its principles.

Review Questions

• How did Friedrich Engels contribute to the development of modern political thought?
  • Friedrich Engels significantly influenced modern political thought through his critique of capitalism and his advocacy for socialism. His collaboration with Karl Marx led to the creation of foundational texts like 'The Communist Manifesto,' which articulated the struggles of the working class and called for revolutionary change. Engels' emphasis on class struggle and the need for a radical transformation of society laid the groundwork for future socialist movements and political ideologies.
• In what ways did Engels’ writings reflect the social conditions of his time, particularly regarding the working class during the Industrial Revolution?
  • Engels’ writings, especially 'The Condition of the Working Class in England,' highlighted the dire circumstances faced by workers during the Industrial Revolution. He described the exploitative labor conditions, poor living standards, and health hazards that workers endured in industrial cities. By documenting these realities, Engels not only raised awareness but also provided a compelling argument for social reform and revolution, illustrating how capitalism dehumanized laborers.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of Engels’ ideas on subsequent socialist movements and modern economic theories.
  • Engels' ideas have had a profound and lasting impact on socialist movements globally. His contributions to Marxist theory provided a framework for understanding class dynamics and economic systems that influenced many political revolutions throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. The principles articulated by Engels continue to resonate today, shaping modern discussions about inequality, labor rights, and economic justice. His work has also inspired various interpretations of socialism, leading to diverse movements that seek to address contemporary social issues while often referencing his foundational concepts.

Related terms

Karl Marx: A German philosopher and economist who co-authored 'The Communist Manifesto' with Engels and laid the foundation for Marxist theory.

Communism: A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Dialectical Materialism: A philosophical approach that combines dialectics and materialism, central to Marxist theory, emphasizing the importance of material conditions in shaping society and history.