Germany

Definition

Germany, as a nation-state, became a central player in the events leading up to and during World War II. Its aggressive expansionist policies under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime aimed to establish German dominance in Europe, which directly contributed to the outbreak of the war and ultimately prompted U.S. entry into the conflict.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, marked the beginning of World War II in Europe.
2. The fall of France in 1940 demonstrated Germany's military strength and strategic prowess during the Blitzkrieg campaign.
3. Germany's establishment of concentration camps led to the systematic genocide known as the Holocaust, where millions of Jews and other minority groups were murdered.
4. The U.S. entered World War II after Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941, following the attack on Pearl Harbor.
5. Germany's defeat was solidified with the Allied invasion of Normandy (D-Day) in June 1944 and culminated in its unconditional surrender on May 8, 1945.

Review Questions

• How did Germany's expansionist policies under Adolf Hitler contribute to the outbreak of World War II?
  • Germany's expansionist policies were characterized by aggressive military actions and territorial conquests aimed at establishing a Greater German Empire. This began with the reoccupation of the Rhineland, followed by the annexation of Austria and the invasion of Czechoslovakia. The invasion of Poland in 1939 was particularly significant as it triggered Britain and France to declare war on Germany, marking the official start of World War II.
• Evaluate the impact of Germany's military strategies during World War II on the course of the conflict.
  • Germany employed Blitzkrieg tactics, which emphasized speed and surprise through coordinated attacks using infantry, tanks, and air support. This strategy initially led to rapid victories across Europe, including the swift defeat of Poland and France. However, as the war progressed, these tactics faced challenges against Allied forces adapting their strategies, especially during key battles like Stalingrad and Normandy. Ultimately, Germany's initial successes were overshadowed by sustained resistance and counteroffensives from the Allies.
• Assess how Germany's defeat in World War II influenced post-war Europe and global politics.
  • Germany's defeat in World War II had profound implications for Europe and global politics. The country was divided into East and West Germany during the Cold War, symbolizing the ideological split between capitalism and communism. The aftermath also led to significant territorial changes and set the stage for European integration efforts to prevent future conflicts. Furthermore, the Nuremberg Trials held accountable those responsible for war crimes established a precedent for international law and human rights that resonates in modern governance.

Related terms

Nazi Party: The political party led by Adolf Hitler that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945, promoting fascism, anti-Semitism, and militarism.

Axis Powers: A coalition of countries led by Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II, which opposed the Allied Powers.

Pearl Harbor: The surprise military attack by the Japanese on December 7, 1941, which led to the U.S. formally entering World War II against the Axis Powers.