Attribution Rules to Know for Newswriting

Attribution rules are essential in newswriting to ensure credibility and transparency. By properly crediting sources, using quotes effectively, and clearly identifying information, writers can maintain trust and provide readers with accurate, verifiable content.

1. Always attribute information that is not common knowledge.

   • Common knowledge includes facts widely known and accepted; anything beyond that requires attribution.
   • Attributing sources builds credibility and allows readers to verify information.
   • Failing to attribute can lead to accusations of plagiarism.

2. Use direct quotes for exact wording and paraphrase for general ideas.

   • Direct quotes preserve the original speaker's intent and tone.
   • Paraphrasing allows for summarization while still crediting the source.
   • Use quotes sparingly to maintain clarity and flow in writing.

3. Place attribution at the beginning or end of a sentence, not in the middle.

   • This structure enhances readability and keeps the focus on the information.
   • Beginning attribution sets the context; ending attribution reinforces the source.
   • Avoiding mid-sentence attribution prevents disruption of the narrative flow.

4. Identify sources clearly and accurately.

   • Clearly state who the source is to provide context and authority.
   • Use full names and relevant details to avoid ambiguity.
   • Accurate identification helps readers assess the reliability of the information.

5. Use "said" as the primary attribution verb.

   • "Said" is neutral and unobtrusive, allowing the content to shine.
   • Avoid overusing synonyms that may introduce bias or interpretation.
   • Consistency in verb choice maintains a professional tone.

6. Avoid anonymous sources unless absolutely necessary.

   • Anonymous sources can undermine trust and credibility in reporting.
   • If anonymity is required, provide a compelling reason for it.
   • Always seek to identify sources whenever possible to enhance transparency.

7. Attribute opinions and controversial statements.

   • Clearly distinguish between facts and opinions to avoid misleading readers.
   • Attributing opinions helps contextualize differing viewpoints.
   • This practice fosters balanced reporting and encourages critical thinking.

8. Use full names on first reference, followed by last names in subsequent mentions.

   • This approach establishes familiarity and clarity for the reader.
   • Consistent use of last names after the first reference streamlines the text.
   • Ensure that the first mention includes any relevant titles for context.

9. Include relevant titles or credentials for sources.

   • Titles and credentials lend authority and context to the information presented.
   • They help readers understand the source's expertise or perspective.
   • Including this information enhances the overall credibility of the piece.

10. Attribute information from other news outlets or publications.

    • Citing other sources acknowledges their work and prevents plagiarism.
    • It provides readers with a broader context and additional resources.
    • Proper attribution to other outlets maintains journalistic integrity.