Common German Irregular Verbs to Know for AP German

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Understanding common German irregular verbs is crucial for mastering the language. These verbs, like "sein," "haben," and "werden," are foundational for forming sentences and expressing ideas in everyday conversation and writing.

  1. sein (to be)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich bin, du bist, er/sie/es ist, wir sind, ihr seid, sie/Sie sind.
    • Used as an auxiliary verb in forming the passive voice and perfect tenses.
    • Essential for expressing identity, states, and conditions.
  2. haben (to have)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich habe, du hast, er/sie/es hat, wir haben, ihr habt, sie/Sie haben.
    • Functions as an auxiliary verb for forming perfect tenses.
    • Indicates possession and is used in various idiomatic expressions.
  3. werden (to become)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich werde, du wirst, er/sie/es wird, wir werden, ihr werdet, sie/Sie werden.
    • Used to form the future tense and passive voice.
    • Indicates a change of state or transformation.
  4. gehen (to go)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich gehe, du gehst, er/sie/es geht, wir gehen, ihr geht, sie/Sie gehen.
    • Commonly used to indicate movement or direction.
    • Can also mean "to function" in certain contexts (e.g., "Das geht nicht").
  5. kommen (to come)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich komme, du kommst, er/sie/es kommt, wir kommen, ihr kommt, sie/Sie kommen.
    • Indicates movement towards the speaker or a specific location.
    • Often used in expressions of arrival or participation.
  6. fahren (to drive)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich fahre, du fährst, er/sie/es fährt, wir fahren, ihr fahrt, sie/Sie fahren.
    • Refers to traveling by vehicle (car, bus, etc.).
    • Can also mean "to go" in the context of transportation.
  7. essen (to eat)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich esse, du isst, er/sie/es isst, wir essen, ihr esst, sie/Sie essen.
    • Essential verb for discussing food and meals.
    • Used in various idiomatic expressions related to eating.
  8. trinken (to drink)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich trinke, du trinkst, er/sie/es trinkt, wir trinken, ihr trinkt, sie/Sie trinken.
    • Important for discussing beverages and hydration.
    • Commonly used in social contexts and expressions.
  9. nehmen (to take)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich nehme, du nimmst, er/sie/es nimmt, wir nehmen, ihr nehmt, sie/Sie nehmen.
    • Indicates the action of taking or receiving something.
    • Frequently used in idiomatic expressions and phrases.
  10. geben (to give)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich gebe, du gibst, er/sie/es gibt, wir geben, ihr gebt, sie/Sie geben.
    • Essential for expressing the act of giving or providing.
    • Commonly used in various contexts, including gifts and assistance.
  11. sprechen (to speak)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich spreche, du sprichst, er/sie/es spricht, wir sprechen, ihr sprecht, sie/Sie sprechen.
    • Important for communication and language discussions.
    • Used in various contexts, including formal and informal speech.
  12. sehen (to see)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich sehe, du siehst, er/sie/es sieht, wir sehen, ihr seht, sie/Sie sehen.
    • Refers to the act of seeing or perceiving visually.
    • Commonly used in expressions related to vision and observation.
  13. lesen (to read)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich lese, du liest, er/sie/es liest, wir lesen, ihr lest, sie/Sie lesen.
    • Essential for discussing reading materials and comprehension.
    • Frequently used in educational contexts and literature.
  14. schlafen (to sleep)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich schlafe, du schläfst, er/sie/es schläft, wir schlafen, ihr schlaft, sie/Sie schlafen.
    • Important for discussing rest and sleep patterns.
    • Used in various contexts related to health and well-being.
  15. laufen (to run)

    • Irregular conjugation: ich laufe, du läufst, er/sie/es läuft, wir laufen, ihr lauft, sie/Sie laufen.
    • Refers to the action of running or moving quickly on foot.
    • Can also mean "to function" in certain contexts (e.g., "Die Maschine läuft").


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AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.