Fundamental Interview Techniques to Know for Journalism Research

Mastering fundamental interview techniques is essential for effective journalism. From thorough preparation and crafting open-ended questions to active listening and maintaining objectivity, these skills help create engaging conversations that yield valuable insights and accurate reporting.

1. Prepare thoroughly before the interview

   • Research the interviewee's background, expertise, and previous work.
   • Understand the context of the topic to ask informed questions.
   • Prepare a list of key questions and topics to cover during the interview.

2. Develop open-ended questions

   • Frame questions that encourage detailed responses rather than simple yes/no answers.
   • Use prompts like "Can you explain..." or "What are your thoughts on..." to elicit more information.
   • Avoid leading questions that may bias the interviewee's responses.

3. Active listening

   • Focus fully on the interviewee's words, avoiding distractions.
   • Show engagement through verbal affirmations and non-verbal cues like nodding.
   • Reflect back what you hear to ensure understanding and clarify any ambiguities.

4. Establish rapport with the interviewee

   • Start with small talk to create a comfortable atmosphere.
   • Be respectful and empathetic to build trust and openness.
   • Use the interviewee's name and maintain a friendly demeanor throughout the conversation.

5. Use follow-up questions

   • Ask for clarification or elaboration on points that are unclear or intriguing.
   • Encourage the interviewee to expand on their thoughts and experiences.
   • Use phrases like "Can you tell me more about that?" to deepen the discussion.

6. Take accurate notes or record the interview

   • Choose a method that works best for you, whether it's note-taking or audio recording.
   • Ensure you have permission to record if you choose that method.
   • Review your notes or recordings promptly after the interview to capture details while they are fresh.

7. Maintain objectivity and avoid bias

   • Approach the interview with an open mind, free from preconceived notions.
   • Avoid inserting personal opinions or judgments into the conversation.
   • Strive to present the interviewee's perspective fairly and accurately in your reporting.

8. Observe non-verbal cues

   • Pay attention to body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice for additional context.
   • Note any discrepancies between verbal and non-verbal communication.
   • Use these cues to gauge the interviewee's comfort level and engagement.

9. Verify information and fact-check

   • Cross-reference statements made during the interview with credible sources.
   • Clarify any ambiguous or questionable information with the interviewee.
   • Ensure accuracy in reporting to maintain journalistic integrity.

10. Respect confidentiality and off-the-record requests

• Clearly communicate your policies on confidentiality before the interview begins.
• Honor any requests for off-the-record comments and do not disclose sensitive information.
• Build trust by demonstrating that you value the interviewee's privacy and concerns.