Key Restoration Playwrights to Know for English Literature – 1670 to 1850

Restoration playwrights shaped English literature from 1670 to 1850, blending comedy and social critique. Their works reflect the era's complexities, exploring themes of love, gender, and morality while influencing future generations of writers and the development of English drama.

1. John Dryden

   • Considered the father of English criticism and a key figure in the development of the Restoration comedy.
   • His plays often blended elements of tragedy and comedy, showcasing complex characters and moral dilemmas.
   • Notable works include "All for Love" and "The Conquest of Granada," which reflect his mastery of language and dramatic structure.

2. William Wycherley

   • Known for his sharp wit and satirical portrayal of contemporary society in plays like "The Country Wife."
   • His works often explore themes of sexual politics and social hypocrisy, making him a significant voice in Restoration comedy.
   • Wycherley's characters are often exaggerated, reflecting the moral looseness of the time.

3. George Etherege

   • A pioneer of the Restoration comedy genre, Etherege is best known for his play "The Man of Mode."
   • His works often feature sophisticated characters and witty dialogue, emphasizing the importance of social status and courtship.
   • Etherege's style laid the groundwork for later playwrights, influencing the conventions of comedy.

4. William Congreve

   • Renowned for his clever dialogue and intricate plots, Congreve's plays, such as "The Way of the World," are considered masterpieces of Restoration comedy.
   • His works often critique the manners and morals of the upper class, showcasing the complexities of love and relationships.
   • Congreve's influence extended beyond his lifetime, shaping the future of English comedy.

5. Aphra Behn

   • One of the first professional female playwrights, Behn's works, including "The Rover," challenged gender norms and explored themes of female agency.
   • Her writing often combined elements of comedy and romance, reflecting the complexities of love and desire.
   • Behn's contributions to literature paved the way for future female writers and playwrights.

6. Thomas Otway

   • Best known for his tragic plays, such as "Venice Preserved," Otway's work often delves into themes of love, betrayal, and political intrigue.
   • His ability to evoke deep emotional responses from audiences set him apart from his contemporaries.
   • Otway's plays reflect the turbulent political climate of the Restoration period, highlighting the struggles of individuals against societal forces.

7. John Vanbrugh

   • A prominent playwright and architect, Vanbrugh is known for his comedic works, including "The Relapse" and "The Provoked Wife."
   • His plays often feature strong, independent female characters and critique societal norms regarding marriage and fidelity.
   • Vanbrugh's unique blend of humor and social commentary has made his works enduringly popular.

8. George Farquhar

   • Celebrated for his lively comedies, such as "The Beaux' Stratagem," Farquhar's works often highlight the themes of love and deception.
   • His characters are relatable and grounded, reflecting the everyday lives of the middle class.
   • Farquhar's ability to blend humor with genuine emotion has earned him a lasting place in Restoration literature.

9. Susanna Centlivre

   • One of the most successful female playwrights of the Restoration, Centlivre is known for her comedies, including "The Busybody."
   • Her works often feature strong female protagonists who navigate the challenges of love and societal expectations.
   • Centlivre's plays reflect the changing roles of women in society and contribute to the discourse on gender and power.

10. Colley Cibber

    • A prominent actor and playwright, Cibber is known for his comedies and adaptations, such as "Love's Last Shift."
    • His works often blend humor with moral lessons, appealing to a wide audience.
    • Cibber's influence extended beyond his writing, as he played a significant role in the theatrical world of his time.