Key Themes in Captivity Narratives to Know for American Literature – Before 1800

Captivity narratives are a key part of early American literature, showcasing the struggles and resilience of individuals captured by Native Americans. These stories reveal complex cultural encounters and highlight themes of faith, identity, and survival during colonial times.

1. Mary Rowlandson's "A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson"

   • First published in 1682, it is one of the earliest and most famous captivity narratives in American literature.
   • Rowlandson's account details her experience of being captured by Native Americans during King Philip's War and her subsequent struggle for survival.
   • The narrative emphasizes themes of faith, resilience, and the complexities of cultural encounters between colonists and Native Americans.

2. John Williams' "The Redeemed Captive Returning to Zion"

   • Written in 1707, this narrative recounts Williams' capture during a raid on Deerfield, Massachusetts, and his eventual return to his community.
   • It explores the psychological and spiritual challenges faced during captivity, including the struggle to maintain one's identity.
   • Williams' narrative reflects on the role of divine providence and the importance of community in the face of adversity.

3. Hannah Dustan's captivity story (as told by Cotton Mather)

   • Dustan's story, published in 1697, recounts her abduction by Native Americans and her escape, which included the killing of her captors.
   • It highlights themes of female agency and violence, challenging traditional gender roles of the time.
   • Mather's retelling emphasizes Dustan's bravery and the moral implications of her actions in the context of colonial conflict.

4. John Smith's "The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles"

   • Published in 1624, this work includes Smith's own experiences and observations as an early settler and leader in Virginia.
   • It blends adventure, exploration, and encounters with Native Americans, shaping the narrative of American identity.
   • Smith's writing reflects the complexities of colonialism, including the interplay of power, survival, and cultural exchange.

5. Mary Jemison's "A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison"

   • Jemison's narrative, published in 1824, recounts her capture as a child and subsequent life among the Seneca tribe.
   • It provides a unique perspective on Native American culture and the experience of assimilation.
   • Jemison's story challenges the binary view of captives as either victims or heroes, presenting a nuanced understanding of identity and belonging.

6. Jonathan Dickinson's "God's Protecting Providence"

   • Written in 1704, this narrative details Dickinson's capture by Native Americans and his journey to safety.
   • It emphasizes the theme of divine intervention and the belief in God's protection during times of crisis.
   • Dickinson's account reflects the tensions between colonial settlers and Native Americans, as well as the moral dilemmas faced during captivity.

7. Elizabeth Hanson's "An Account of the Captivity of Elizabeth Hanson"

   • Published in 1703, Hanson's narrative describes her capture and the hardships endured while in captivity.
   • It highlights the role of women in captivity narratives and their resilience in the face of adversity.
   • Hanson's account also addresses the impact of captivity on family and community ties.

8. Robert Eastburn's "A Faithful Narrative of the Many Dangers and Sufferings"

   • Eastburn's narrative, published in 1758, recounts his experiences during captivity and the challenges faced in returning home.
   • It explores themes of survival, faith, and the psychological toll of captivity.
   • Eastburn's account reflects the broader context of colonial conflicts and the impact on individual lives.

9. John Marrant's "A Narrative of the Lord's Wonderful Dealings with John Marrant"

   • Marrant's narrative, published in 1785, tells the story of his capture and conversion to Christianity while among Native Americans.
   • It emphasizes themes of spiritual transformation and the intersection of race, religion, and identity.
   • Marrant's account provides insight into the experiences of African Americans in the colonial period.

10. Nehemiah How's "A Narrative of the Captivity of Nehemiah How"

• How's narrative, published in 1715, recounts his capture during a raid and the subsequent hardships faced.
• It highlights the themes of endurance and the struggle for survival in a hostile environment.
• How's account reflects the broader narrative of colonial expansion and the impact of conflict on individual lives.