Major African American Organizations to Know for African American History – 1865 to Present

Major African American organizations have played a crucial role in shaping the fight for civil rights and social justice from 1865 to the present. These groups, like the NAACP and SCLC, have focused on legal challenges, grassroots activism, and community empowerment.

1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

   • Founded in 1909, the NAACP is one of the oldest civil rights organizations in the U.S.
   • Focuses on legal challenges to racial discrimination and segregation, notably through landmark cases like Brown v. Board of Education.
   • Advocates for voting rights, education, and economic equality for African Americans.

2. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

   • Established in 1957, led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., emphasizing nonviolent protest.
   • Played a key role in the Civil Rights Movement, organizing events like the Birmingham Campaign and the Selma to Montgomery marches.
   • Aims to achieve social justice through Christian principles and grassroots activism.

3. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

   • Founded in 1942, CORE was instrumental in the early civil rights movement, promoting nonviolent direct action.
   • Known for organizing Freedom Rides in 1961 to challenge segregation in interstate travel.
   • Advocated for racial equality through community organizing and voter registration drives.

4. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

   • Formed in 1960 by young activists, SNCC focused on grassroots organizing and direct action.
   • Played a significant role in sit-ins, voter registration, and the Freedom Summer campaign.
   • Emphasized the importance of youth leadership and empowerment in the civil rights movement.

5. Black Panther Party

   • Founded in 1966, the Black Panther Party aimed to address systemic racism and police brutality.
   • Known for community programs like free breakfast for children and health clinics.
   • Advocated for armed self-defense and the establishment of revolutionary socialism.

6. National Urban League

   • Established in 1910, the National Urban League focuses on economic empowerment and social justice for African Americans.
   • Works to improve job opportunities, education, and housing for urban communities.
   • Engages in advocacy and research to address issues affecting African American urban populations.

7. Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

   • Founded in 1914 by Marcus Garvey, UNIA promoted Black nationalism and economic independence.
   • Advocated for the return of African Americans to Africa and the establishment of a global Black identity.
   • Organized large parades and events to celebrate Black culture and heritage.

8. Nation of Islam

   • Established in the 1930s, the Nation of Islam combines elements of Islam with Black nationalism.
   • Focuses on self-improvement, economic independence, and social justice for African Americans.
   • Prominent figures include Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X, who emphasized racial pride and empowerment.

9. National Negro Business League

   • Founded in 1900 by Booker T. Washington, the league aimed to promote the economic development of Black businesses.
   • Focused on entrepreneurship, networking, and advocating for policies that support Black-owned businesses.
   • Played a crucial role in fostering economic independence within the African American community.

10. African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME Church)

    • Established in 1816, the AME Church is the first independent Black denomination in the U.S.
    • Played a significant role in the abolitionist movement and the civil rights struggle.
    • Focuses on social justice, education, and community service, serving as a spiritual and social hub for African Americans.