Plot Device Examples to Know for Advanced Screenwriting

Understanding plot devices is key to crafting compelling stories in screenwriting. These tools, like MacGuffins and flashbacks, help shape narratives, build tension, and engage audiences. Mastering them can elevate your storytelling and create memorable cinematic experiences.

1. MacGuffin

   • A plot device that serves as a trigger for the story's events.
   • Often an object or goal that characters pursue, but its specific nature is less important than its role in driving the plot.
   • Examples include the briefcase in "Pulp Fiction" or the One Ring in "The Lord of the Rings."

2. Chekhov's Gun

   • A principle stating that every element introduced in a story must be relevant and contribute to the plot.
   • If a gun is shown in the first act, it must be fired by the third act; otherwise, it should not be included.
   • Encourages tight storytelling and avoids unnecessary details.

3. Red Herring

   • A misleading clue or distraction that diverts attention from the actual plot or truth.
   • Commonly used in mystery and thriller genres to create suspense and surprise.
   • Helps to build tension by leading the audience to false conclusions.

4. Deus Ex Machina

   • A plot device where an unexpected power or event resolves a seemingly unsolvable problem.
   • Often criticized for being a convenient or contrived solution.
   • Can be effective if used sparingly and with purpose, providing a surprising twist.

5. Flashback

   • A narrative technique that interrupts the chronological flow to provide background information or context.
   • Helps to reveal character motivations, backstory, or important events that shape the present.
   • Can enhance emotional depth and complexity in storytelling.

6. Foreshadowing

   • A literary device that hints at future events or outcomes in the story.
   • Creates anticipation and builds tension by preparing the audience for what is to come.
   • Can be subtle or overt, often woven into dialogue or imagery.

7. Plot Twist

   • An unexpected change in the direction or outcome of the story.
   • Often reveals hidden truths or alters the audience's understanding of the narrative.
   • Effective plot twists can leave a lasting impact and provoke thought.

8. Cliffhanger

   • A suspenseful situation at the end of a chapter or episode that leaves the audience eager for resolution.
   • Commonly used in serialized storytelling to maintain interest and engagement.
   • Creates tension and anticipation for the next installment.

9. Frame Narrative

   • A story within a story, where the main narrative is framed by an introductory or concluding narrative.
   • Provides context, perspective, or commentary on the main story.
   • Can enhance themes and character development by offering multiple viewpoints.

10. In Medias Res

    • A narrative technique that begins the story in the middle of the action, rather than at the beginning.
    • Engages the audience immediately and creates intrigue about how the characters arrived at that point.
    • Often followed by flashbacks to fill in the backstory.

11. Parallel Storylines

    • Two or more narratives that run concurrently, often intersecting or influencing each other.
    • Allows for thematic exploration and character development across different contexts.
    • Can create tension and contrast between the storylines.

12. Unreliable Narrator

    • A narrator whose credibility is compromised, leading the audience to question the truth of the story.
    • Can create suspense, surprise, and deeper engagement as the audience pieces together the reality.
    • Often used to explore themes of perception and truth.

13. Time Loop

    • A narrative device where characters experience the same period repeatedly, often leading to character growth or change.
    • Allows for exploration of choices and consequences in a unique way.
    • Commonly seen in films like "Groundhog Day."

14. Dramatic Irony

    • A situation where the audience knows more about the events than the characters do.
    • Creates tension and engagement as viewers anticipate the characters' reactions to unfolding events.
    • Often used to enhance emotional impact and thematic depth.

15. Plant and Payoff

    • A storytelling technique where an element (the plant) is introduced early in the narrative and later becomes significant (the payoff).
    • Ensures that all story elements are interconnected and contribute to the overall narrative.
    • Enhances satisfaction for the audience when they recognize the connections.