Significant Appalachian Folk Music Instruments to Know for Appalachian Studies

Appalachian folk music is rich with unique instruments that shape its sound and culture. From the lively fiddle to the soulful banjo, these instruments reflect the region's history, creativity, and the blending of diverse musical traditions.

1. Fiddle

   • Central to Appalachian folk music, often used in traditional dance tunes and ballads.
   • Played in various styles, including old-time, bluegrass, and country.
   • The instrument's versatility allows for both melody and harmony, making it a key component in ensemble settings.

2. Banjo

   • Characterized by its distinctive twang, the banjo is integral to bluegrass and folk music.
   • Originated from African instruments, it reflects the cultural blending in Appalachian music.
   • The five-string banjo is the most common type used in traditional Appalachian music.

3. Guitar

   • A foundational instrument in Appalachian music, providing rhythm and harmony.
   • Used in various styles, including folk, bluegrass, and country, often accompanying vocals.
   • The flatpicking and fingerpicking techniques are essential for creating the unique sound of Appalachian music.

4. Dulcimer

   • A traditional Appalachian instrument, often played in a lap style, known for its sweet, melodic sound.
   • Typically made of wood, it features a diatonic scale, making it accessible for beginners.
   • The dulcimer is often associated with folk songs and storytelling in Appalachian culture.

5. Mandolin

   • Recognized for its bright, ringing tone, the mandolin adds a unique texture to Appalachian music.
   • Commonly used in bluegrass and folk ensembles, it often plays melody lines and harmonies.
   • The instrument's rapid picking style contributes to the energetic feel of Appalachian music.

6. Autoharp

   • A chorded zither that allows players to strum and create chords easily, making it popular among amateur musicians.
   • Often used in folk music settings, it provides a rich harmonic background for singing.
   • The autoharp's simplicity makes it an accessible instrument for those new to music.

7. Harmonica

   • A portable and expressive instrument, the harmonica adds a bluesy feel to Appalachian music.
   • Frequently used in folk and bluegrass, it complements vocals and other instruments.
   • The harmonica's ability to bend notes contributes to its emotive sound.

8. Washboard

   • Traditionally used as a percussion instrument, the washboard adds a rhythmic element to folk music.
   • Often played with thimbles or brushes, it enhances the overall sound of a band.
   • The washboard reflects the resourcefulness of Appalachian musicians, utilizing everyday items for music.

9. Spoons

   • A simple percussion instrument made from two spoons, often played in a rhythmic fashion.
   • Commonly used in traditional Appalachian music, it adds a lively beat to dances and songs.
   • The spoons exemplify the creativity and improvisation found in folk music traditions.

10. Jew's Harp

    • A small, mouth-held instrument that produces a unique twanging sound, often used in folk music.
    • Its portability and simplicity make it a favorite among traditional musicians.
    • The jew's harp contributes to the diverse soundscape of Appalachian music, often accompanying storytelling.