Types of Greek Pottery to Know for Intro to Greek and Roman Archaeology

Greek pottery offers a fascinating glimpse into ancient life, showcasing daily activities, social customs, and cultural beliefs. Each type of vessel, from amphorae to kylixes, reveals unique insights into the practices and values of Greek society.

1. Amphora

   • Tall, two-handled vessel primarily used for storing and transporting liquids, especially wine and oil.
   • Characterized by a narrow neck and a wide body, allowing for easy pouring and sealing.
   • Often decorated with scenes depicting mythology, daily life, or athletic competitions, providing insight into ancient Greek culture.

2. Krater

   • A large vessel used for mixing wine with water, essential for Greek symposiums (drinking parties).
   • Typically features a wide mouth and a deep bowl, with handles for easy handling.
   • Decoration often includes intricate scenes that reflect social and cultural themes, serving as a visual narrative of Greek life.

3. Hydria

   • A water-carrying vessel with three handles: two horizontal for lifting and one vertical for pouring.
   • Used primarily by women for fetching water from wells or fountains, highlighting gender roles in ancient society.
   • Often adorned with floral or mythological motifs, showcasing the artistic styles of different periods.

4. Oinochoe

   • A wine jug with a single handle and a spout, designed for pouring wine at banquets.
   • Its shape varies, but it typically has a rounded body and a narrow neck, facilitating controlled pouring.
   • Frequently decorated with scenes of Dionysian themes, reflecting the importance of wine in Greek culture.

5. Kylix

   • A shallow drinking cup with a wide bowl and two horizontal handles, used during symposia.
   • The interior often features painted images that are revealed as the drinker consumes the contents, creating an interactive experience.
   • Decoration ranges from simple patterns to complex scenes, often depicting mythological or humorous themes.

6. Lekythos

   • A narrow, tall vessel used for storing oil, particularly olive oil, often used in funerary practices.
   • Features a single handle and a narrow neck, making it easy to pour small amounts.
   • Commonly decorated with scenes related to funerary rituals or daily life, providing insights into ancient Greek beliefs and customs.

7. Pyxis

   • A small, cylindrical container with a lid, used for storing cosmetics, jewelry, or small personal items.
   • Often associated with women, reflecting their roles in society and personal grooming practices.
   • Decorated with intricate designs, often featuring floral patterns or mythological figures, showcasing the artistry of the period.

8. Skyphos

   • A deep, two-handled cup used for drinking, characterized by its wide rim and shallow depth.
   • Commonly used in social settings, particularly during symposia, emphasizing communal drinking practices.
   • Decoration often includes scenes of revelry or athletic competitions, highlighting the social aspects of Greek culture.

9. Kantharos

   • A high-handled drinking cup, often associated with the god Dionysus and used in rituals and celebrations.
   • Features a deep bowl and prominent handles, allowing for easy gripping while drinking.
   • Typically adorned with imagery related to wine and festivity, reflecting the cultural significance of Dionysian worship.

10. Pelike

    • A storage jar with a rounded body and a narrow neck, used for holding liquids like oil or wine.
    • Often features two handles and a wide mouth, facilitating pouring and storage.
    • Decoration frequently includes scenes of daily life or mythology, providing valuable context for understanding ancient Greek society.