Multiple reaction systems are complex but crucial in chemical engineering. They involve balancing multiple reactions, considering equilibrium, and optimizing conditions. Understanding these systems is key to efficient chemical processes.
Analyzing and helps engineers maximize desired products while minimizing waste. By optimizing reaction conditions, we can improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase profitability in industrial chemical processes.
Multiple Reaction Systems
Material balance equations for multiple reactions
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Top images from around the web for Material balance equations for multiple reactions
Reaction Stoichiometry | CHEM 1305: General Chemistry I—Lecture View original
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7.1: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations | General College Chemistry I View original
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Identify all reactions occurring in system including main and side reactions (combustion, polymerization)
Write balanced chemical equations for each reaction using stoichiometric coefficients
Determine extent of reaction (ξ) for each reaction quantifies reaction progress
Apply general Input+Generation−Output−Consumption=Accumulation
Write component balance equations for each species accounting for stoichiometric coefficients and extents of reaction
Apply total mass balance equation by summing all component balances
Consider inert species present in system not participating in reactions (nitrogen in air)
Solving multi-reaction equilibrium problems
Understand equilibrium constant (K) relates reactant and product concentrations at equilibrium
Express K in terms of concentrations (Kc) or partial pressures (Kp)
Utilize equilibrium constant equation K=[Reactants][Products] at equilibrium for each reaction
Combine material balance equations with equilibrium constant equations
Solve resulting system of equations through algebraic manipulation or numerical methods
Account for temperature effects on equilibrium constants using Van 't Hoff equation
Selectivity and yield analysis
Selectivity measures ratio of desired product formed to undesired product formed
Calculate selectivity for competing reactions Selectivity=Moles of undesired product formedMoles of desired product formed
Yield quantifies ratio of actual product formed to theoretical maximum
Calculate yield for desired products Yield=Theoretical maximum amount of productActual amount of product formed
Analyze factors affecting selectivity and yield including temperature, pressure, reactant concentrations, catalysts
Understand relationship between selectivity and yield impacts overall process efficiency
Evaluate economic implications of selectivity and yield on production costs and profitability
Optimization of reaction conditions
Identify key process variables affecting yield including temperature, pressure, reactant concentrations, residence time
Understand rate-limiting steps control overall reaction rate
Analyze temperature effect on reaction rates using Arrhenius equation
Consider pressure impact on equilibrium using
Optimize reactant concentrations through excess reactant strategy
Evaluate catalysts use including homogeneous (same phase) and heterogeneous (different phase)