Heart failure management hinges on dietary changes and . , , and improve heart health. increase to maintain muscle mass. Fluid restrictions and are crucial.
Nutritional challenges include and . aims for a healthy BMI. , electrolyte monitoring, and management are key. address risks and support overall heart health.
Dietary Modifications
Sodium and Diet Recommendations
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Sodium restriction limits intake to 2000-3000 mg/day reduces fluid retention and blood pressure
DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins lowers blood pressure and improves heart health
Omega-3 fatty acids from fatty fish (salmon, mackerel) or supplements reduce inflammation and improve heart function
Energy requirements vary based on weight status and activity level, typically range from 25-35 kcal/kg/day
Protein needs increase to 1.1-1.4 g/kg/day to maintain muscle mass and prevent cardiac cachexia
Alcohol restriction reduces strain on the heart, limit intake to no more than 1-2 drinks per day
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Fluid balance maintenance crucial for heart failure management, often requires restriction to 1.5-2 L/day
involves monitoring levels and adjusting intake, especially when taking certain medications ()
help remove excess fluid from the body, reducing strain on the heart and improving symptoms
Edema reduction strategies include elevating legs, wearing compression stockings, and following fluid restrictions
Nutritional Challenges and Interventions
Cardiac cachexia characterized by severe muscle wasting and weight loss, requires increased calorie and protein intake
Micronutrient deficiencies common in heart failure patients, particularly vitamin D, thiamine, and magnesium
Malnutrition risk increases due to reduced appetite, medication side effects, and altered metabolism
Weight management focuses on achieving and maintaining a healthy BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m²) to reduce cardiac workload