Project Management techniques like CPM and PERT help plan complex projects with multiple activities. They break down projects, determine sequences, and identify the critical path - the longest sequence of dependent activities that sets the project's minimum completion time.
These methods calculate times, allowing for flexible scheduling of non-critical activities. PERT adds probability calculations, estimating project completion dates based on optimistic, most likely, and estimates for each .
Critical Path Method and PERT
Fundamentals of CPM and PERT
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Example: Activity B with ES=5, EF=8, LS=7, LF=10
Total float = 7 - 5 = 10 - 8 = 2 days
If successor activity C has ES=9, free float of B = 9 - 8 = 1 day
Activity Duration Impact
Critical Path Changes
Changes in activity durations can alter critical path and overall project duration
Increasing duration of critical activity directly increases project completion time
Decreasing duration of critical activity may:
Shorten project duration
Shift critical path to another sequence of activities
Changes in non-critical activities' durations may consume float time without affecting project completion date, unless float exceeded
Example: Reducing duration of a critical software testing phase from 10 to 8 days shortens project by 2 days if no other critical path emerges
Schedule Compression Techniques
involves reducing project duration by adding resources to critical activities, often at increased cost
Example: Adding extra workers to complete a construction task faster
Fast-tracking involves performing activities in parallel that were originally planned to be sequential
Potentially introduces new risks
Example: Starting software development before design phase is fully complete
Sensitivity analysis assesses how changes in individual activity durations affect overall project schedule and critical path
required when changes in activity durations lead to resource conflicts or overallocation
Example: Adjusting schedule to prevent overallocation of specialized equipment across multiple activities