are versatile organic compounds with a range of important reactions. From nucleophilic acyl substitutions to reductions and decarboxylations, these reactions showcase the diverse chemistry of the carboxyl group.
Understanding carboxylic acid reactions is crucial for grasping organic synthesis. These reactions highlight the reactivity of the and provide key tools for transforming carboxylic acids into other functional groups like alcohols and esters.
Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
Categories of carboxylic acid reactions
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reactions involve a nucleophile attacking the electrophilic resulting in substitution of the hydroxyl group with the nucleophile (alcohols, amines, ammonia)
reactions add hydrogen to the carbonyl carbon using reducing agents ( (LiAlH4), (BH3)) forming
removes the carboxyl group as carbon dioxide (CO2) through heat, enzymatic reactions, or strong acids/bases yielding the corresponding alkane or alkene
Substitution at the replaces the α-hydrogen with an electrophile facilitated by an intermediate (, )
reactions form esters by reacting carboxylic acids with alcohols