7.5 Introduction to Tuberculosis and Antitubercular Drugs
4 min read•june 18, 2024
, a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, poses a significant global health challenge. Understanding its pathophysiology and diagnostic methods is crucial for effective management. This section explores how TB spreads, its symptoms, and various tests used for diagnosis.
play a vital role in treating TB, with first-line and second-line options available. We'll examine these medications, their mechanisms of action, and potential side effects. Nursing considerations and patient education are key to ensuring successful treatment outcomes.
Tuberculosis Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
Pathophysiology of tuberculosis
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Top images from around the web for Pathophysiology of tuberculosis
Frontiers | Mycobacterial Dormancy Systems and Host Responses in Tuberculosis View original
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Frontiers | Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Adaptable Pathogen Associated With Multiple Human ... View original
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Frontiers | Evolution of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains and Their Adaptation ... View original
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Frontiers | Mycobacterial Dormancy Systems and Host Responses in Tuberculosis View original
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Frontiers | Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Adaptable Pathogen Associated With Multiple Human ... View original
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caused by bacteria
Spreads through inhalation of airborne droplets from infected person (coughing, sneezing)
M. tuberculosis primarily infects lungs ()
Can spread to other organs (extrapulmonary TB) (lymph nodes, bones, meninges)
Bacteria engulfed by immune cells (macrophages) but survive within them
Leads to formation of containing bacteria
Granulomas can rupture releasing bacteria causing tissue damage and spread of infection
Active TB manifests with chronic cough >2-3 weeks
(coughing up blood)
Fever night sweats weight loss
Chest pain shortness of breath (dyspnea)
occurs when individuals are infected but asymptomatic and not contagious
Diagnostic methods for tuberculosis
or
Intradermal injection of TB antigens
Positive result indicates TB exposure but not necessarily active disease
Blood tests measuring immune response to TB antigens
More specific than TST less affected by prior BCG vaccination
Chest X-ray shows characteristic findings of TB
Cavities or infiltrates in upper lung lobes
Sputum smear microscopy and culture
staining of sputum samples
Culture is gold standard for diagnosing active TB
Rapid molecular tests detecting M. tuberculosis DNA
Used for early detection and identifying drug resistance