The explains how electronic transitions happen in molecules. It's all about the speed of these transitions and how they affect a molecule's structure. This principle helps us understand why absorption and look the way they do.
Advanced concepts build on this foundation, exploring vertical transitions and factors that influence vibronic transition intensity. These ideas are crucial for interpreting spectroscopic data and understanding molecular behavior during electronic excitation.
Fundamentals of the Franck-Condon Principle
Franck-Condon principle in electronic transitions
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Franck–Condon simulation for unraveling vibronic origin in solvent enhanced absorption and ... View original
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Unspecified verticality of Franck–Condon transitions, absorption and emission spectra of cyanine ... View original
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Top images from around the web for Franck-Condon principle in electronic transitions
Franck–Condon simulation for unraveling vibronic origin in solvent enhanced absorption and ... View original
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Franck–Condon simulation for unraveling vibronic origin in solvent enhanced absorption and ... View original
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Unspecified verticality of Franck–Condon transitions, absorption and emission spectra of cyanine ... View original
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Franck-Condon principle states electronic transitions occur without changes in nuclear positions grounded in
Electronic transitions happen much faster than nuclear motion typically ~10−15 seconds
Vertical transitions represented as vertical lines on potential energy diagrams
measures overlap between vibrational wavefunctions determines transition probability
Principle explains intensity patterns in absorption and emission spectra (UV-Vis spectroscopy)
Vibrational structure of spectra
involve simultaneous changes in electronic and vibrational states
Intensity distribution in spectra reflects overlap of vibrational wavefunctions governed by Franck-Condon factor
show transitions from ground vibrational state to excited vibrational states intensity pattern relates to equilibrium geometry changes
Emission spectra display transitions from lowest excited vibrational state to ground vibrational states often mirror image of absorption spectrum (exceptions exist)
appears as series of peaks corresponding to transitions to different
quantifies displacement between potential energy curves relates to number of visible vibronic transitions
Advanced Concepts and Applications
Vertical transitions and Franck-Condon principle
Vertical transitions occur without changes in nuclear coordinates illustrated as straight vertical lines between on potential energy diagrams
Concept exemplifies instantaneous nature of electronic transitions in Franck-Condon principle
Results in population of higher vibrational levels in and non-equilibrium nuclear configuration immediately after transition
Relaxation processes follow vertical transitions including vibrational relaxation to lowest vibrational level of excited state
emerges as energy difference between absorption and emission maxima due to vertical transitions and subsequent relaxation
Factors in vibronic transition intensity
Franck-Condon factor quantifies overlap of vibrational wavefunctions directly proportional to transition intensity
Equilibrium geometry changes influence vibrational progression breadth and shape of potential energy curves
Symmetry considerations determine allowed and forbidden transitions based on (benzene)
Temperature effects impact initial state population distribution leading to in absorption spectra at higher temps
Solvent interactions modify potential energy surfaces affect and transition intensities ()
Vibronic coupling describes interaction between electronic and vibrational motions can cause intensity borrowing between electronic states
Duschinsky effect involves mixing of normal modes between electronic states complicates interpretation of vibronic spectra