1.1 Overview of proteomics and its importance in biological research
2 min read•july 25, 2024
is the study of proteins in cells and organisms. It goes beyond genomics by examining actual protein levels, interactions, and modifications. This field bridges the gap between genes and cellular functions, offering insights into how proteins shape biological processes.
Proteomics has wide-ranging applications in medicine, , and environmental science. It helps identify disease markers, develop targeted therapies, and understand how organisms respond to their environment. These applications make proteomics a powerful tool for advancing scientific knowledge and improving human health.
Fundamentals of Proteomics
Definition of proteomics
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Top images from around the web for Definition of proteomics
Frontiers | Proteomics Approaches for Biomarker and Drug Target Discovery in ALS and FTD View original
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Frontiers | Illuminating Spatial and Temporal Organization of Protein Interaction Networks by ... View original
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Frontiers | Integrative Analysis of Membrane Proteome and MicroRNA Reveals Novel Lung Cancer ... View original
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Frontiers | Proteomics Approaches for Biomarker and Drug Target Discovery in ALS and FTD View original
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Frontiers | Illuminating Spatial and Temporal Organization of Protein Interaction Networks by ... View original
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Proteomics entails comprehensive analysis of , function, and interactions within cells, tissues, or organisms
Examines entire protein complement () revealing cellular processes and physiological functions
Proteome dynamically shifts in response to environmental stimuli and varies between cell types and developmental stages (embryonic stem cells vs mature neurons)
Proteomics vs genomics and transcriptomics
Genomics studies complete gene set while transcriptomics analyzes all RNA transcripts
Proteomics bridges gaps by providing actual protein abundance data, revealing , and identifying
Integration of omics technologies offers holistic view of cellular processes and illuminates genotype-phenotype relationships (eye color genes vs actual pigment production)
Significance of post-translational modifications
Post-translational modifications () chemically alter proteins after synthesis (, , )
PTMs impact protein structure, function, enzyme activity, localization, and mediate protein-
Proteomics techniques identify and characterize PTMs crucial for understanding in vivo (insulin activation via proteolytic cleavage)
Applications of Proteomics
Applications in biomedical research
identifies protein indicators for diseases or biological states enabling early detection and prognosis (prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer)
Drug development involves , studying , and evaluating and
utilizes of diseased vs healthy tissues to develop diagnostic tests (blood protein panels for liver function)
tailors treatments based on individual protein profiles
studies protein changes in response to environmental factors ( in stressed plants)
Food science analyzes protein content and quality in food products (gluten content in wheat)