✍️Screenwriting II Unit 7 – Genre Conventions in Screenwriting

What's This Unit About?

• Explores the role of genre in screenwriting and how it shapes storytelling
• Examines the key characteristics, conventions, and expectations associated with different film genres
• Investigates how genre influences narrative structure, character archetypes, and thematic elements
• Discusses the importance of understanding genre conventions for effective screenwriting
• Analyzes the ways in which genres can be blended, subverted, or reimagined to create unique and engaging stories
• Provides practical techniques and strategies for writing within specific genres
• Includes case studies of successful genre films to illustrate effective application of genre conventions

Key Genre Types

• Action: Fast-paced, high-stakes stories featuring physical conflict, chases, and explosions (Die Hard)
• Comedy: Humorous stories designed to elicit laughter through wit, irony, and absurdity (Bridesmaids)
  • Subgenres include romantic comedy, black comedy, and parody
• Drama: Serious stories exploring human emotions, relationships, and conflicts (The Shawshank Redemption)
• Horror: Stories designed to evoke fear, terror, and suspense through supernatural or psychological elements (The Exorcist)
• Science Fiction: Speculative stories set in the future or alternate realities, often exploring technology and its impact on society (Blade Runner)
• Thriller: Suspenseful stories that keep audiences on the edge of their seats, often involving crime, mystery, or espionage (Gone Girl)
• Western: Stories set in the American Old West, typically featuring cowboys, outlaws, and frontier life (The Good, the Bad and the Ugly)

Elements of Genre

• Setting: The time, place, and atmosphere in which the story unfolds, often dictating genre (space for science fiction)
• Character Archetypes: Recurring character types associated with specific genres, such as the hardboiled detective in film noir or the wise-cracking sidekick in action movies
• Plot Structure: The arrangement of events and conflicts in a story, often following genre-specific patterns (the "final girl" in horror films)
• Theme: The underlying meaning or message of a story, often tied to genre conventions (the importance of family in drama)
• Iconography: Visual elements and symbols associated with a particular genre, such as the cowboy hat and six-shooter in Westerns
• Tone and Style: The overall mood and aesthetic of a film, influenced by genre (the gritty realism of crime thrillers)
• Dialogue: The way characters speak and interact, often reflecting genre-specific language and tropes (the quippy one-liners in action movies)

Genre Conventions and Audience Expectations

• Familiarity: Audiences have preconceived notions of what to expect from a genre based on previous exposure to similar films
• Satisfaction: Fulfilling genre conventions can provide a sense of comfort and enjoyment for audiences
  • Example: The happy ending in romantic comedies
• Subversion: Deviating from genre conventions can surprise and engage audiences, offering fresh perspectives on familiar tropes
• Balance: Effective genre films strike a balance between meeting audience expectations and introducing new elements
• Marketing: Genre labels help audiences identify films they might enjoy and inform marketing strategies
• Evolution: Genre conventions change over time, reflecting shifts in societal values and storytelling trends (the increasing prominence of strong female leads in action films)
• Cultural Context: Genre conventions are influenced by the cultural, historical, and social context in which films are produced

Blending and Subverting Genres

• Genre Hybrids: Combining elements from multiple genres to create unique and compelling stories (the sci-fi Western Firefly)
• Subversion: Deliberately challenging or undermining genre conventions to surprise audiences and offer new perspectives
  • Example: The deconstruction of the superhero genre in Watchmen
• Parody: Satirizing genre tropes and conventions for comedic effect (the meta-horror comedy Scream)
• Reimagining: Updating or adapting genre conventions for contemporary audiences (the neo-Western No Country for Old Men)
• Genre-Bending: Blurring the lines between genres to create ambiguous or unconventional stories (the horror-comedy Get Out)
• Mashups: Combining seemingly disparate genres to create novel and entertaining combinations (the zombie romantic comedy Shaun of the Dead)
• Deconstruction: Analyzing and critiquing the underlying assumptions and ideologies of a genre (the anti-war war film Apocalypse Now)

Writing Techniques for Different Genres

• Research: Familiarizing oneself with the conventions, tropes, and history of a genre to write effectively within its boundaries
• Archetypes: Utilizing familiar character types and roles to quickly establish reader expectations and engagement
  • Example: The femme fatale in film noir
• Tropes: Employing common plot devices, themes, and motifs associated with a genre to create a sense of familiarity for the audience (the training montage in sports films)
• Tone: Establishing and maintaining an appropriate mood and atmosphere throughout the script, consistent with genre conventions
• Pacing: Structuring the story and revealing information in a manner that aligns with genre expectations (the slow build-up of suspense in horror)
• Dialogue: Crafting character speech patterns and vocabulary that reflect genre-specific language and attitudes (the technical jargon in science fiction)
• Subtext: Layering meaning beneath the surface of the story, often to subvert or comment on genre conventions (the social commentary in dystopian fiction)

Case Studies: Successful Genre Films

• The Godfather (1972): A classic crime drama that epitomizes the gangster genre, exploring themes of family, loyalty, and power
• Alien (1979): A groundbreaking science fiction horror film that blends genres and introduces iconic elements like the xenomorph and the strong female protagonist Ripley
• Die Hard (1988): A definitive action movie that established many of the genre's conventions, including the wise-cracking hero and the high-stakes "ticking clock" scenario
• Scream (1996): A self-aware horror film that subverts and parodies slasher movie tropes while still delivering genuine scares
• The Matrix (1999): A science fiction action film that popularized the "bullet time" visual effect and explored philosophical themes of reality and free will
• The Dark Knight (2008): A superhero film that transcends genre conventions, offering a gritty, realistic take on the Batman mythos and featuring an iconic villain performance by Heath Ledger
• Get Out (2017): A horror-comedy that blends genres to deliver biting social commentary on racism and cultural appropriation

Practical Application: Genre Writing Exercise

• Choose a genre: Select a film genre that you are familiar with and interested in exploring through your writing
• Identify conventions: Research and list the key conventions, tropes, and expectations associated with your chosen genre
• Brainstorm: Generate ideas for a story that fits within your chosen genre, considering setting, characters, plot, and theme
• Outline: Create a basic structure for your story, incorporating genre-specific elements and conventions
• Subvert expectations: Identify opportunities to subvert or challenge genre conventions in your story, adding depth and originality to your script
• Write: Draft a scene or sequence from your story, focusing on effectively employing genre conventions and techniques
• Revise: Review your writing and revise as necessary, ensuring that your story effectively captures the essence of your chosen genre while offering a fresh perspective