8.3 Cell-biomaterial interactions in tissue engineering
5 min read•august 16, 2024
Cell-biomaterial interactions are key to tissue engineering success. They influence cell attachment, growth, and differentiation on . Understanding these interactions helps design better biomaterials that guide cellular responses and promote tissue regeneration.
Surface properties, topography, and biochemical factors all play a role in how cells behave on scaffolds. By tweaking these elements, we can control , spreading, and function. This is crucial for creating engineered tissues that mimic natural ones.
Cell-Biomaterial Interactions in Tissue Engineering
Fundamentals of Cell-Biomaterial Interactions
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Top images from around the web for Fundamentals of Cell-Biomaterial Interactions
Frontiers | Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine View original
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Frontiers | Advances in Engineering Human Tissue Models View original
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Frontiers | Biophysical and Biochemical Cues of Biomaterials Guide Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behaviors View original
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Frontiers | Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine View original
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Frontiers | Advances in Engineering Human Tissue Models View original
These interactions determine initial cell attachment, subsequent proliferation, and eventual differentiation of cells on biomaterial scaffolds
Nature of cell-biomaterial interactions affects long-term viability and functionality of engineered tissues, impacting integration with host tissues upon implantation
Understanding and controlling these interactions allows design of biomaterials that guide desired cellular responses and promote tissue regeneration
Cell-biomaterial interactions play a crucial role in maintaining phenotype and function of cells within engineered construct, essential for replicating native tissue structure and function
Impact on Tissue Engineering Success
Cell-biomaterial interactions fundamental to success of tissue engineering strategies
Proper interactions crucial for initial cell adhesion (fibroblasts attaching to collagen scaffold)
Interactions influence rates (smooth muscle cells dividing on biodegradable polymer)
Cell differentiation guided by biomaterial properties (mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into osteoblasts on hydroxyapatite scaffold)
Successful interactions promote formation of functional tissue structures (hepatocytes forming liver-like tissue on 3D porous scaffold)
Long-term stability of engineered tissues depends on sustained positive cell-biomaterial interactions (chondrocytes maintaining cartilage phenotype in hydrogel matrix)
Factors Influencing Cell Behavior on Scaffolds
Surface Properties and Topography
Surface chemistry of biomaterials, including presence of specific functional groups, significantly affects cell adhesion through interactions with cell surface receptors
Carboxyl groups promote protein adsorption and cell attachment
Amine groups enhance cell adhesion and spreading
Topographical features of scaffold influence cell attachment, spreading, and subsequent behavior
Roughness affects cell morphology and adhesion strength
impacts cell infiltration and nutrient diffusion
Micro/nanostructures guide cell alignment and migration
Mechanical properties of biomaterial play critical role in cell fate determination and differentiation through mechanotransduction pathways
Hydrophilic surfaces generally promote cell adhesion
Chemical modifications enhance cell attachment and guide cellular responses
Incorporation of specific functional groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl, amine)
Addition of biomolecules (growth factors, enzymes)
Physical surface modifications alter surface topography and chemistry to promote desired cell-biomaterial interactions
Plasma treatment increases surface energy and introduces functional groups
Laser patterning creates defined micro/nanotopographies
Immobilization of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins or peptide sequences on biomaterial surfaces mimics natural cell environment and improves cell adhesion and function
Stability and longevity of surface modifications in physiological conditions crucial for maintaining effectiveness over time
Covalent bonding of bioactive molecules increases stability
Controlled release systems prolong activity of immobilized factors
Novel surface modification techniques offer precise control over presentation of bioactive cues to cells
Layer-by-layer assembly creates multilayered coatings with defined compositions
Click chemistry allows specific and efficient attachment of biomolecules
Biomaterial Degradation and Tissue Regeneration
Temporal Effects of Degradation
Rate of biomaterial degradation affects temporal changes in scaffold properties, dynamically influencing cell behavior throughout tissue regeneration process
Fast-degrading materials (collagen) provide initial support but rapid remodeling
Degradation products of biomaterials modulate local pH and ionic environment, potentially affecting cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation
Lactic acid from PLA degradation temporarily lowers local pH
Calcium ions released from bioactive glass stimulate osteoblast activity
Release of bioactive molecules or growth factors during controlled degradation provides temporal cues for tissue formation and maturation
Gradual release of BMP-2 from degrading PLGA microspheres promotes bone formation
Controlled release of VEGF supports angiogenesis in degrading
Structural and Biological Implications
Changes in scaffold mechanical properties due to degradation alter mechanical signals received by cells, influencing their phenotype and function over time
Decreasing stiffness of hydrogels affects stem cell differentiation trajectory
Gradual loss of compressive strength in bone scaffolds impacts osteoblast activity
Creation of space through scaffold degradation crucial for allowing cell migration, matrix deposition, and formation of new tissue structures
Pore enlargement in degrading scaffolds facilitates cell infiltration
Void spaces created by degradation allow for new ECM deposition
Balance between scaffold degradation and new tissue formation critical for maintaining structural integrity and mechanical support during regeneration process
Matching degradation rate with tissue growth rate ensures continuous support
Gradual transfer of load-bearing function from scaffold to newly formed tissue
Potential immune responses to degradation products must be considered, as they can impact overall success of tissue regeneration and integration with host tissues
Inflammatory response to degradation byproducts can affect tissue formation
Adaptive immune recognition of scaffold materials may lead to rejection