is a crucial buffer against supply chain uncertainties. It protects companies from stockouts due to demand fluctuations and supply disruptions, maintaining customer service levels and operational flexibility.
Calculating safety stock involves a formula considering , , and lead time. Companies must balance the trade-off between service levels and inventory costs, using customer segmentation and industry standards to determine optimal levels.
Safety Stock Fundamentals
Role of safety stock
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The synergistic and complementary effects of supply chain justice and integration practices on ... View original
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Safety stock buffers against uncertainties in supply and demand protecting against stockouts
Mitigates demand fluctuations and supply chain disruptions maintaining customer service levels
Inventory uncertainties stem from demand variability, lead time changes, and supply chain issues (natural disasters, transportation delays)
Benefits include reduced stockouts, improved customer satisfaction, increased operational flexibility
Allows companies to maintain service levels during unexpected spikes in demand or supply shortages
Calculation of safety stock levels
Safety stock formula: SS=Z×σ×L
derived from normal distribution table corresponds to desired service level (1.65 for 95% service level)
Standard deviation of demand (σ) calculated from historical data measures demand variability
Lead time (L) consideration uses average lead time longer lead times require more safety stock
Example calculation: For 95% service level, σ = 100 units, L = 2 weeks, SS=1.65×100×2=233 units
Safety stock vs service levels
Service level probability of not stocking out during lead time higher levels require more safety stock