Tidal range and basin characteristics play a crucial role in tidal energy potential. The difference between high and low tide, along with factors like tidal amplitude and mean sea level , determine how much energy can be harnessed from tidal movements.
Basin features like resonance and funneling can amplify tidal effects, making certain locations more suitable for energy projects. Shallow water impacts and tidal bores also influence how tidal energy systems need to be designed to work effectively and safely in specific environments.
Tidal Range
Tidal Amplitude and Mean Sea Level
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Tidal range refers to the difference in water level between high tide and low tide
Tidal amplitude measures the maximum displacement of the water level from the mean sea level during a tidal cycle
Half the tidal range
Varies depending on the location and the phase of the moon (spring tides vs. neap tides)
Mean sea level is the average height of the ocean's surface between high and low tides
Serves as a reference point for measuring tidal amplitudes and ranges
Can change over time due to factors such as sea-level rise caused by climate change
Tidal Prism
Tidal prism represents the volume of water that flows in and out of an estuary or bay during a tidal cycle
Calculated by multiplying the tidal range by the surface area of the basin
Influences the exchange of water, nutrients, and sediments between the estuary and the open ocean
Larger tidal prisms lead to greater water exchange and mixing
Important factor in determining the potential for tidal energy generation
Basins with large tidal prisms and high tidal ranges are more suitable for tidal power projects (Bay of Fundy, Canada)
Basin Characteristics
Basin Resonance and Funneling Effect
Basin resonance occurs when the natural oscillation period of a basin matches the period of the tidal forcing
Leads to amplification of the tidal range within the basin
Depends on factors such as basin geometry, depth, and size
Funneling effect describes the increase in tidal range as the width of a basin or estuary narrows
Occurs when the incoming tidal wave is constricted by the narrowing topography
Results in higher tidal ranges and increased tidal currents (Cook Inlet, Alaska)
Shallow Water Effects and Tidal Bores
Shallow water effects become significant when the water depth is relatively small compared to the wavelength of the tidal wave
Causes non-linear distortions in the tidal wave profile
Leads to asymmetry between the duration of the flood and ebb tides
Tidal bores are steep, wave-like features that can form in shallow, funnel-shaped estuaries during the incoming tide
Occur when the leading edge of the tidal wave becomes steeper and eventually breaks
Associated with rapid water level rise and strong currents (Qiantang River, China)
Understanding shallow water effects and tidal bores is crucial for designing tidal energy projects and assessing their environmental impact
Tidal turbines must be designed to withstand the high velocities and turbulence associated with these phenomena