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AP Environmental Science

Unit 1 – The Living World: Ecosystems

Unit 2 – The Living World: Biodiversity

Unit 3 – Populations

Unit 4 – Earth Systems & Resources

Unit 5 – Land & Water Use

Unit 6 – Energy Resources & Consumption

Unit 7 – Atmospheric Pollution

Unit 8 – Aquatic & Terrestrial Pollution

Unit 9 – Global Change

Frequently Asked Questions

Previous Exam Prep

AP Cram Sessions 2021

Live Cram Sessions 2020

Teacher Professional Development

Study Tools

Exam Skills

Subject Guides

Biomes 

Cycles

Ecosystem Interactions 

Unit 1 Overview: The Living World: Ecosystems

Ecosystem Ecology 

Community Ecology

Competition

Keystone Species 

Introduction to Ecosystems

The First Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

The 10% Rule

Energy Flow and the 10% Rule

Energy Transfers in Ecosystems 🌱

Response to Disturbance 

Feedback Loops 

Food Chains and Food Webs

Terrestrial Biome Types

Boreal Forest/Taiga

Temperate Rainforest 

Woodland/Shrubland 

Tropical Rainforest 

Tropical Seasonal Forest/Savanna 

Subtropical Desert 

Climate Biome Graph

Terrestrial Biomes

As we said, biomes can be both terrestrial and aquatic, representing large patterns of climate and species coexistence that can be divided into distinct regions.

Aquatic Biomes

Streams and Rivers 

Lakes and Ponds 

Freshwater Wetlands 

Salt Marshes 

Mangrove Swamps 

Intertidal Zones 

Coral Reefs 

The Open Ocean 

Movement of Matter 

Carbon Cycle 🌋

Human Impacts on the Carbon Cycle 🙌

The Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle 🌱

Human Impacts on the Nitrogen Cycle 

The Nitrogen Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle 🗻

Human Impacts on the Phosphorus Cycle🙌

The Phosphorous Cycle

The Water Cycle 🌧 

Human Impacts on the Water Cycle 🙌

The Hydrologic Cycle

Primary Productivity

The Trophic Levels


Mutualism: 😀-😀Commensalism: 😀-😐Parasitism: 😀-😟Predator and Prey: 😀-😟


Trophic Levels

Biodiversity 

Ecosystem Services

Ecological Tolerance  

Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems 

Ecological Succession

Unit 2 Overview: The Living World: Biodiversity

Forms of Biodiversity

Genetic Diversity 🧬

Species Diversity 🐅

Habitat Diversity ⛰️

Richness vs Evenness

Ecosystem Resistance and Resilience 

Introduction to Biodiversity

Provisioning

Regulating

Cultural

Supporting

What is the Island Biogeography Theory?

Invasives

Effects on Evolution

Island Biogeography

Vocabulary

Description

Ecological Tolerance

Change is a Constant

Resistance and Resilience

Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis 

Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems

Adapt to the Surroundings

Reproductive Isolation

Adaptations

Succession Defined

Primary Succession

Secondary Succession

Fauna: A Part of Succession

Keystone Species

Indicator Species

⚡ Study Guide Breakdowns

3.1 Generalist and Specialist Species 

3.2 K Selected and r selected species 

3.3  Survivorship curves 

3.4 Carrying Capacity

3.5 Population Growth and Resource Availability 

3.6 Age Structure Diagrams 

3.7 Total fertility rate 

3.8 Human Population Dynamics 

3.9 Demographic Transition 

⚡ Quick Study - Key Terms 

Unit 3 Overview: Populations

What does generalist and specialist mean? 

Characteristics of a Generalist Species 

Characteristics of a Specialist Species 

⚡ Checkpoint question 

Generalist and Specialist Species

Differential Reproductive Strategies 

Characteristics of K-Selected Species 

Characteristics of R-Selected Species 

Comparing K-Selected and R-Selected Species

K-Selected r-Selected Species

Survivorship Curves

Ecosystem Limitations

Carrying Capacity

Exponential Growth 

Logistic Growth

Population Growth and Resource Availability

Age Structure Diagrams

Infant Mortality Rate, Crude Rates

Emigration and Immigration 

Total Fertility Rate

Rule of 70

Limiting Factors on Population Growth

Population Formulas 

Human Population Dynamics

Demographic Transition Model

Demographic Transition

Big Ideas

Plate Tectonics

Soil Formation and Erosion

Earth’s Atmosphere

Solar Radiation and Earth’s Seasons

Earth’s Geography and Climate

El Niño and La Niña 

Unit 4 Overview: Earth Systems and Resources

Convergent Boundaries

Divergent Boundaries

Transform Boundaries

Plate Tectonics Map

Tectonic Plates

Soil Formation

Soil Horizons

Soil Erosion and Water Quality

Water-Holding Capacity and Retention 

Particle Sizes and Properties

Chemical, Physical, and Biological Properties of Soil

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Soil Texture Triangle

Soil Composition and Properties

Major Gases

Layers of the Atmosphere

Earth's Atmosphere

Solar Radiation

Pressure and Wind Direction

Coriolis Effect

Global Wind Patterns

Characteristics of A Watershed

Watersheds

Seasons and Earth’s Tilt

Solar Radiation and Earth's Seasons

Factors That Influence Climate

Earth's Geography and Climate

El Niño

La Niña

Greater Environmental Impacts

El Niño and La Niña

Why Do I Need to Know These?

What Are The Required Pieces of Legislation?

Laws Involving the Disposal of Hazardous Wastes

RCRA: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

Air & Water Protection

Clean Air Act

Clean Water Act

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

Biodiversity Protection

CITES: Convention on Int’l Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora

Endangered Species Act

Commonly Confused International Protocols

Montreal Protocol 

Unit 5 Overview: Land and Water Use

Q and A

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