, a bold architectural movement, emerged in the mid-20th century. Pioneered by , it embraced and exposed structures. This section highlights key Brutalist buildings and architects who shaped this distinctive style.
From Le Corbusier's to 's , Brutalist architecture left a lasting impact. We'll explore iconic structures and influential designers who pushed the boundaries of form and function in concrete.
Influential Brutalist Architects
Le Corbusier's Pioneering Role
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L'unité d'habitation, Marseille | 1946-1952 Le Corbusier | Flickr View original
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L'unité d'habitation, Marseille | 1946-1952 Le Corbusier | Flickr View original
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L'unité d'habitation, Marseille | 1946-1952 Le Corbusier | Flickr View original
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L'unité d'habitation, Marseille | 1946-1952 Le Corbusier | Flickr View original
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L'unité d'habitation, Marseille | 1946-1952 Le Corbusier | Flickr View original
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Top images from around the web for Le Corbusier's Pioneering Role
L'unité d'habitation, Marseille | 1946-1952 Le Corbusier | Flickr View original
Is this image relevant?
L'unité d'habitation, Marseille | 1946-1952 Le Corbusier | Flickr View original
Is this image relevant?
L'unité d'habitation, Marseille | 1946-1952 Le Corbusier | Flickr View original
Is this image relevant?
L'unité d'habitation, Marseille | 1946-1952 Le Corbusier | Flickr View original
Is this image relevant?
L'unité d'habitation, Marseille | 1946-1952 Le Corbusier | Flickr View original
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Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret) pioneered Brutalist architecture
Influenced by and industrial design
Incorporated raw concrete (béton brut) as a primary building material, which became a defining feature of Brutalism
Designed the iconic Unité d'Habitation in Marseille, France (1952), a large-scale residential complex that exemplified Brutalist principles
American Brutalists: Paul Rudolph and Marcel Breuer
, an American architect, designed the (1963) in New Haven, Connecticut
The building features a complex arrangement of interlocking concrete forms and textured surfaces
Rudolph's design showcased the expressive potential of concrete and the interplay of light and shadow
, a Hungarian-born American architect, designed the (1966) in New York City
The building's inverted ziggurat form and heavy concrete facade exemplified Brutalist aesthetics
Breuer's design emphasized the monumental presence of the building and its sculptural qualities
British Brutalism: Ernő Goldfinger
, a British architect of Hungarian origin, designed the (1972) in London
The 31-story residential tower features a distinct silhouette with a separate service tower connected by walkways
Goldfinger's design showcased the functionality and raw aesthetics of exposed concrete
Goldfinger's other notable Brutalist works include the (1967) and the (1979) in London
Moshe Safdie's Habitat 67
Israeli-Canadian architect Moshe Safdie designed Habitat 67 for the 1967 World's Fair in Montreal, Canada
The complex consists of 354 prefabricated concrete modules stacked and interconnected to create a three-dimensional urban landscape
Safdie's design explored the possibilities of modular housing and the integration of urban living with nature
Habitat 67 became an iconic example of Brutalist architecture and experimental housing design
Iconic Brutalist Buildings
Le Corbusier's Unité d'Habitation
Unité d'Habitation (1952) in Marseille, France, designed by Le Corbusier
A large-scale residential complex that pioneered the "vertical city" concept
Features a raw concrete exterior, modular apartments, and communal spaces like a rooftop terrace and shopping street
Became a prototype for Brutalist housing projects worldwide
American Brutalist Landmarks
Yale Art and Architecture Building (1963) in New Haven, Connecticut, designed by Paul Rudolph
Features a complex arrangement of interlocking concrete forms and textured surfaces
Showcases the expressive potential of concrete and the interplay of light and shadow
Whitney Museum of American Art (1966) in New York City, designed by Marcel Breuer
The building's inverted ziggurat form and heavy concrete facade exemplify Brutalist aesthetics
Emphasizes the monumental presence of the building and its sculptural qualities
(1968), designed by Kallmann McKinnell & Knowles
A monumental concrete structure with a distinctive triangular plan and exposed concrete surfaces
Represents the civic application of Brutalist principles and the integration of public spaces
British Brutalist Icons
Trellick Tower (1972) in London, designed by Ernő Goldfinger
A 31-story residential tower with a distinct silhouette and separate service tower connected by walkways
Showcases the functionality and raw aesthetics of exposed concrete
(1982) in London, designed by Chamberlin, Powell, and Bon
A sprawling mixed-use development with residential towers, cultural facilities, and public spaces
Features extensive use of exposed concrete, elevated walkways, and brutalist landscaping
Habitat 67: Experimental Housing
Habitat 67 (1967) in Montreal, Canada, designed by Moshe Safdie
A complex of 354 prefabricated concrete modules stacked and interconnected to create a three-dimensional urban landscape
Explores the possibilities of modular housing and the integration of urban living with nature
Became an iconic example of Brutalist architecture and experimental housing design