12.2 Domestic Challenges: Economic Recession and "Read My Lips"
2 min read•july 22, 2024
The early hit the US hard, with bank failures, high inflation, and rising . Bush's response included the and , but his tax hike broke a key campaign promise, damaging his credibility.
Bush's popularity plummeted as the economy struggled. His focus on foreign policy over domestic issues and perceived disconnect from average Americans' hardships contributed to his 1992 election loss to Bill Clinton.
Economic Recession and Bush's Response
Causes of 1990s US recession
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Top images from around the web for Causes of 1990s US recession
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Federal Reserve tightened monetary policy to combat rising
in late 1980s caused numerous bank failures and financial instability
Declining led to reduced spending and economic slowdown
caused oil prices to spike, putting additional strain on the economy (gas prices)
Effectiveness of Bush's economic policies
(ADA) signed in 1990 protected disabled individuals from discrimination in employment and public accommodations
Despite "" pledge, Bush raised taxes in 1990 budget compromise to address growing deficits
(NAFTA) signed in 1992 aimed to stimulate economy by increasing trade with Canada and Mexico
helped reduce but proved politically damaging to Bush's reputation
NAFTA faced criticism from concerned about job losses and worried about pollution ()
Bush's policies seen as inadequate in tackling the recession, contributing to his 1992 election defeat ()
Political Fallout and Public Perception
Political impact of tax policy reversal
1988 campaign featured memorable "" pledge, appealing to conservative base
1990 budget deal included tax increases, breaking key campaign promise
Decision sparked outrage among conservative Republicans and anti-tax advocates ()
Led to primary challenge from in 1992, exposing divisions within the Republican Party
Broken pledge became a major line of attack for Democrats in 1992 presidential campaign (Clinton's "It's the economy, stupid" slogan)
Economic challenges vs Bush's popularity
As recession deepened and unemployment climbed, steadily declined
Reneging on "no new taxes" promise further damaged public trust and perception of his leadership
Approval fell from 89% peak after Gulf War to below 40% by 1992 election (56% disapproval)
Bush appeared out of touch with economic hardships faced by average Americans (grocery scanner incident)
Criticized for prioritizing foreign policy (Gulf War victory) over domestic issues
Economic woes and broken tax promise eclipsed foreign policy successes, leading to 1992 election loss (Ross Perot's independent campaign)