and are key techniques in separation processes. These methods exploit differences in surface properties and to separate valuable materials from waste. Understanding the principles behind these techniques is crucial for effective application in various industries.
Equipment plays a vital role in flotation and magnetic separation. Flotation cells and magnetic separators come in various designs to suit different materials and process requirements. Optimizing equipment selection and operation is essential for achieving high separation efficiency and product quality.
Principles and Equipment
Principles of flotation and separation
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AMIT 145: Lesson 5 Froth Flotation – Mining Mill Operator Training View original
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flotation – Mining Mill Operator Training View original
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flotation – Mining Mill Operator Training View original
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AMIT 145: Lesson 5 Froth Flotation – Mining Mill Operator Training View original
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flotation – Mining Mill Operator Training View original
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Top images from around the web for Principles of flotation and separation
AMIT 145: Lesson 5 Froth Flotation – Mining Mill Operator Training View original
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flotation – Mining Mill Operator Training View original
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flotation – Mining Mill Operator Training View original
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AMIT 145: Lesson 5 Froth Flotation – Mining Mill Operator Training View original
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flotation – Mining Mill Operator Training View original
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Flotation
Surface chemistry principles underpin separation process
Hydrophobicity repels water allows particles to attach to air bubbles
attracts water keeps particles suspended in solution
creates stable bubble-particle aggregates
Bubble attachment mechanism exploits differences in surface properties
maintains separation until collection
Magnetic separation
Magnetic susceptibility measures material's response to magnetic field
determines force exerted on particles
Magnetic force equations (F=χVB∇B) describe particle behavior
weakly repelled (water, organic compounds)
weakly attracted (aluminum, platinum)
strongly attracted (iron, nickel, cobalt)
Equipment for flotation and separation
Flotation equipment
Flotation cells create environment for bubble-particle attachment
use impellers for agitation and air dispersion
rely on countercurrent flow of slurry and air bubbles
introduce fine bubbles into slurry
recover mineral-laden froth
Flotation process steps
mixes reagents with slurry
introduces air bubbles
occurs as particles attach to bubbles
recovers concentrated minerals
Magnetic separation equipment
(LIMS) for strongly magnetic materials
(HIMS) for weakly magnetic materials
process slurries
handle dry, free-flowing materials
Magnetic separation process steps
ensures proper and consistency
Magnetic field application creates separation force
Particle separation based on magnetic properties
Product collection of magnetic and non-magnetic fractions
Performance Factors and Applications
Factors affecting separation performance
Flotation performance factors
Particle size distribution impacts bubble attachment efficiency
affects collision frequency between particles and bubbles
pH alters surface chemistry and reagent effectiveness
influences reagent activity and bubble stability
and type control selectivity and recovery
enhance particle hydrophobicity
stabilize bubble formation
adjust pH or selectively activate/depress minerals
determines bubble surface area available
allows sufficient particle-bubble contact
Magnetic separation performance factors
Particle size affects magnetic force relative to competing forces
Magnetic field strength and gradient determine separation efficiency
Feed rate impacts particle retention time in magnetic field
Particle composition influences magnetic response
Magnetic susceptibility differences enable selective separation
Competing forces (gravity, fluid drag) can hinder separation
Applications of separation techniques
Flotation applications
Mineral beneficiation concentrates valuable minerals