13.3 Monitoring and Controlling Project Work

Project Integration Management is all about keeping your project on track. Monitoring and controlling project work is crucial for this. It's like being a project detective, constantly checking if things are going as planned.

This section covers performance reporting and change management. You'll learn about work performance reports, Earned Value Management, and Key Performance Indicators. These tools help you spot issues early and make smart decisions to keep your project successful.

Performance Reporting

Work Performance and Earned Value Management

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• Work Performance Reports provide detailed information on project progress, including schedule, cost, and scope performance
• Reports typically include variance analysis comparing planned vs actual performance
• Earned Value Management (EVM) measures project performance and progress objectively
• EVM integrates scope, schedule, and cost measurements
• Key EVM metrics include:
  • Planned Value (PV) represents the budgeted cost of scheduled work
  • Earned Value (EV) represents the budgeted cost of work performed
  • Actual Cost (AC) represents the actual cost incurred for work performed
• EVM calculations:
  • Cost Variance (CV) = EV - AC
  • Schedule Variance (SV) = EV - PV
  • Cost Performance Index (CPI) = EV / AC
  • Schedule Performance Index (SPI) = EV / PV
• CPI and SPI values greater than 1 indicate better than planned performance
• CPI and SPI values less than 1 indicate worse than planned performance

Key Performance Indicators and Forecasting

• Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) measure project success factors
• KPIs vary by project type and industry (customer satisfaction, defect rate, on-time delivery)
• Effective KPIs align with project objectives and are:
  • Specific
  • Measurable
  • Achievable
  • Relevant
  • Time-bound
• Forecasts predict future project performance based on current trends
• Common forecasting techniques include:
  • Trend analysis examines historical data to predict future outcomes
  • Monte Carlo simulation uses statistical modeling to estimate project outcomes
  • Estimate at Completion (EAC) predicts final project cost
  • EAC calculation methods:
    • EAC = BAC / CPI (assumes current performance continues)
    • EAC = AC + ETC (incorporates revised estimate to complete)
• Forecasts help project managers make informed decisions and take corrective actions

Change Management

Change Request Process and Evaluation

• Change requests formally propose modifications to project baselines, documents, or deliverables
• Types of change requests include:
  • Corrective actions address project deviations
  • Preventive actions reduce probability of negative consequences
  • Defect repairs fix identified product defects
  • Updates modify project documents or plans
• Change request process steps:
  1. Submit change request
  2. Log and track request
  3. Evaluate impact on project constraints (scope, time, cost, quality)
  4. Perform stakeholder analysis
  5. Approve or reject request
  6. Implement approved changes
  7. Document lessons learned
• Change Control Board (CCB) reviews and approves change requests
• CCB composition varies but typically includes key stakeholders and subject matter experts

Project Management Plan and Document Updates

• Project Management Plan updates reflect approved changes affecting project execution
• Sections of the Project Management Plan commonly updated include:
  • Scope management plan
  • Schedule management plan
  • Cost management plan
  • Quality management plan
  • Risk management plan
• Project document updates ensure all project information remains current and consistent
• Documents frequently updated during change management include:
  • Requirements documentation
  • Stakeholder register
  • Risk register
  • Issue log
  • Lessons learned register
• Version control systems track document revisions and maintain change history
• Communication of updates ensures all stakeholders are aware of changes
• Training or orientation may be necessary for significant changes to project processes or tools