Air pollution control technologies are crucial for managing harmful emissions. These methods, ranging from pre-combustion modifications to post-combustion treatments, target various pollutants like , gases, and specific compounds such as NOx and SO2.
Effectiveness of these technologies depends on factors like removal efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Engineers must consider source characteristics, pollutant properties, and desired outcomes when designing control systems. Unintended consequences, including water pollution and increased energy use, also need careful evaluation.
Air Pollution Control Technologies
Classification and Mechanisms of Action
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Classify air pollution control technologies into two main categories: pre-combustion and post-combustion controls
Pre-combustion controls reduce emissions by modifying the fuel or combustion process
Post-combustion controls remove pollutants from the exhaust gas stream
Particulate matter control technologies use physical processes to remove particles from the gas stream
Cyclones utilize centrifugal force
(ESPs) employ electrostatic attraction
Fabric filters (baghouses) use filtration
rely on liquid absorption
Gaseous pollutant control technologies use chemical and physical processes to remove or convert gaseous pollutants
Adsorption systems () adsorb pollutants onto a solid surface
Absorption systems (wet ) dissolve pollutants into a liquid
Condensation systems cool the gas stream to condense pollutants
(incineration) oxidizes pollutants at high temperatures
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) control technologies reduce NOx formation or convert NOx to nitrogen and water
Low NOx burners minimize NOx formation during combustion
uses catalysts to convert NOx
uses reagents to convert NOx without a catalyst
control technologies use alkaline materials to react with SO2 and form solid compounds
systems, such as wet scrubbers, use limestone or lime slurries
Dry sorbent injection systems inject alkaline materials directly into the flue gas
Mercury control technologies adsorb or oxidize mercury and capture it in downstream devices