4.1 Camera types and basic components

Photojournalists rely on various camera types, from DSLRs to mirrorless and point-and-shoots. Each has unique features, like optical viewfinders or compact bodies, suited for different situations. Understanding these differences helps photographers choose the right tool.

Key components like lenses, sensors, shutters, and apertures work together to create images. Mastering these elements and camera controls allows photojournalists to capture compelling visuals in diverse settings, from fast-paced news events to intimate portraits.

Camera Types in Photojournalism

Types of photojournalism cameras

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• DSLR (Digital Single-Lens Reflex) cameras employ mirror and prism system for optical viewfinder allowing real-time view through lens
• Mirrorless cameras forgo mirror mechanism resulting in more compact, lightweight body with electronic viewfinder or LCD for composition
• Point-and-shoot cameras feature fixed lens and limited manual controls prioritizing portability and ease of use with automatic settings

Components of a camera

• Lens focuses light onto sensor determining field of view and magnification (wide-angle, telephoto)
• Sensor captures light converting to digital data affecting image quality and low-light performance (CCD, CMOS)
• Shutter controls light exposure duration impacting motion blur and action freezing (mechanical, electronic)
• Aperture adjusts lens opening regulating light entry and depth of field (f/1.4, f/16)

Camera Sensors and Controls

Full-frame vs crop sensors

• Full-frame sensors match 35mm film size (36mm x 24mm) offering superior low-light performance and wider dynamic range
• Crop sensors smaller than full-frame (APS-C, Micro Four Thirds) introduce crop factor affecting effective focal length and increase depth of field at equivalent apertures

Functions of camera controls

• Viewfinder enables image framing and composition through optical (DSLR) or electronic (mirrorless) means
• LCD screen provides live view for composition, image review, and displays camera settings and menus
• Mode dial selects shooting modes (manual, aperture priority, shutter priority)
• Command dials adjust exposure settings (shutter speed, aperture, ISO)
• Focus points select specific areas for autofocus improving subject sharpness
• White balance control adjusts color temperature ensuring accurate color reproduction (daylight, tungsten)
• Memory card slot stores captured images and videos (SD, CF)