5.4 Break and continue

Loop control statements are powerful tools in Python programming. They allow you to fine-tune the execution of loops, giving you precise control over when to exit or skip iterations. This level of control is essential for writing efficient and flexible code.

Break and continue statements serve different purposes in loop control. While break lets you exit a loop prematurely, continue allows you to skip specific iterations. Understanding when and how to use these statements can greatly enhance your ability to write effective Python programs.

Loop Control Statements

Break statements for loop exits

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• break

  statement prematurely exits a loop (for or while) when a specific condition is met
• Immediately terminates the loop and continues with the next statement after the loop
• Often used with conditional statements (if, elif) to specify exit conditions
• Example:

  for i in range(1, 10):
      if i == 5:
          break
      print(i)
  

  • Iterates from 1 to 9, but when

    i

    becomes 5,

    break

    is executed and loop terminates
  • Output: 1, 2, 3, 4
• Provides a way to implement flow control within loops

Continue statements for iteration skips

• continue

  statement skips the rest of the current iteration within a loop and moves to the next iteration
• Immediately jumps to the next iteration, skipping remaining code in current iteration
• Often used with conditional statements (if, elif) to specify skip conditions
• Example:

  for i in range(1, 6):
      if i == 3:
          continue
      print(i)
  

  • Iterates from 1 to 5, but when

    i

    becomes 3,

    continue

    is executed and rest of iteration is skipped
  • Output: 1, 2, 4, 5
• Enables conditional execution within loops

Break vs continue in loops

• break

  and

  continue

  have different effects on loop execution flow

  • break

    terminates the entire loop prematurely and transfers control to next statement after loop

  • continue

    skips rest of current iteration and moves to next iteration within same loop
• When

  break

  is encountered:
  • Loop is immediately exited, regardless of remaining iterations
  • Program continues with next statement after loop
• When

  continue

  is encountered:
  • Current iteration is skipped, remaining code in that iteration not executed
  • Loop proceeds to next iteration, continuing execution until loop condition no longer satisfied or

    break

    encountered
• Use

  break

  and

  continue

  appropriately based on desired behavior

  • break

    to exit loop entirely based on specific condition

  • continue

    to skip certain iterations based on specific condition but continue with rest of loop

Loop Optimization and Readability

• Break and continue statements can be used for loop optimization by avoiding unnecessary iterations
• Proper use of these statements can improve code readability by simplifying complex loop structures
• Loop interruption using break and continue should be used judiciously to maintain clear program flow